132 MIDDLE ALBIAN STRATIGRAPHY 



many belong to the hoplitinid province and these extend through Poland (e.g. 

 Cieslinski 1959) into Russia, although they are largely concealed by later rocks. In 

 this respect it is interesting to note that Ravn (1925) has figured ammonites from 

 the Cenomanian basal conglomerate on the Baltic Island of Bornholm. These indi- 

 cate not only that elements derived from the tardefurcata and mammillatum Zones are 

 present en melee with Cenomanian ammonites but also his Sonneratia Baylei (pi. Ill, 

 fig. 6a, b) looks like an Anahoplites suggesting the possibility of Middle Albian 

 material also being represented in the deposit. This paper seems to have escaped 

 the attention of previous English workers (see also 0dum 1928 ; 44-5), and throws 

 light on the provenance of the glacial erratics described by Skeat & Madsen (1898) 

 from the Jutland drift. 



The hoplitinid province in the Middle Albian may not include all of Russia in 

 Europe, but it certainly extends as far east as the southern Urals and the eastern 

 border of the Caspian Sea south to the Kopet Dagh in the border region with Iran. 

 The area of Daghestan flanking the western side of the Caspian, and the area between 

 the Mangyschlak Peninsula and the Kopet Dagh is of considerable interest. From 

 the ammonites figured by Semenov (1899), Sinzov (1909 : 1915) and Glazunova 

 (1953a, b) together with the recent stratigraphical work carried out by Sokolov (1966) 

 it is apparent that Middle Albian sediments are well developed in this area. Sedi- 

 ments of lyelli Subzone age appear to be absent, but there is a good fauna of Hoplites 

 (H.) spp. indicating the spathi Subzone (the dentatus Zone of Sokolov). The inter- 

 medins Subzone is also definitely represented including the basal part with Ana- 

 hoplites of evolutus type. The next horizon which can definitely be correlated with 

 the sequence in the Anglo-Paris basin are Sokolov's zones of ' Anahoplites ' rossicus 

 (Sinzov) and ' A. ' uhligi (Semenov). These forms can be matched in the cristatum 

 Subzone of Kent, and are descended directly from Anahoplites of the daviesi group, 

 which together with its ' variety ' ornata, are also known from this region of the 

 U.S.S.R. Spath (1943 ; 732) was quite incorrect in comparing 'A.' uhligi with 

 A . daviesi ; the two are quite distinct although closely related. 



Between the Zone of ' Anahoplites ' rossicus and that of A. intermedins Sokolov 

 recognises in ascending order a Zone of Daghestanites daghestanensis Glasunova and a 

 Zone of Anahoplites kelendensis sp. nov. (of Sokolov which appears to be undescribed) . 

 Daghestanites daghestanensis Glasunova has not yet been recognised outside the 

 Soviet Union, and Anahoplites kelendensis in the absence of figures cannot be com- 

 pared. Undoubtedly the most striking feature of the Middle Albian sequence in this 

 area is the apparent total absence of Euhoplites so prolific in the area of Western 

 Europe and present also in Greenland. In Siberia the Albian is represented in a 

 continental fades. 



The spathi and intermedins Subzones are certainly represented on the northern 

 margin of the tethyan belt in northern Bulgaria (Zakharieva-Kovatcheva 1957, 

 Nikolov 1965, 1970). Seitz (1930) has figured a definite spathi Subzone fauna on the 

 same margin in the Rhaetic Alps at Vorarlberg, Austria. From there westward the 

 southern boundary of the province follows the margin through Switzerland and into 

 France. The Albian ammonite fauna of the tethyan belt is quite distinct in char- 

 acter from that of the European shelf seas and the hoplitinids are absent from Albian 



