145 
Report on the INVESTIGATIONS carried on in 1899 in 
connection with the LANCASHIRE SEHA- FISHERIES 
LABORATORY at University College, Liverpool, and 
the SEA-FisH HatcHeERy at Piel, near Barrow. 
Drawn up by Professor W. A. Herpman, '.R.S., Honorary 
Director of the Scientific Work; assisted by Mr. ANDREW 
Scott, Resident Fisheries Assistant at Piel, and Mr. 
JAMES JOHNSTONE, Fisheries Assistant at Liverpool. 
With Six Plates and a Map. 
CONTENTS. 
1. Introduction and General Account of the Migs - - - 145 
2. Oyster Memoir and Oyster Bill - - - . 156 
3. Sea-Fisheries Conferences, and the need ofa ‘ Census” - 158 
4. Hatchery Work at Piel—Fish and Lobsters - ; - 163 
5. Note on the American Shad - - - - oa ml 7/e; 
6. Notes on the White Fluke or F andes - - 174 
7. The Structure of the Cockle, with an bbcode o on Cockling 
in the Lancashire District - 178 
INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE WORK. 
(W. A. HERDMAN.) 
As in the case of last year’s Report, I shall give first a 
brief sketch of the work of the year, dealing with those 
minor matters which require mention, and merely referring 
here to those larger investigations which are treated fully 
in the separate sections which follow. 
I mentioned last year that I had then set Mr, James 
Johnstone, as part of his work in the Liverpool laboratory, 
to make a detailed examination of the complete structure, 
and as much as could be ascertained of the life-history of 
the common cockle. This investigation has been Mr. 
Johnstone’s chief work during the year, and, as the result, 
