5.34 II. B. GUPPY ON THE RECENT 



felspar, hornblende, augite, many glassy fragments, and fragments 

 of black organic matter. 



(b) Siliceous Organisms (2*00), a few glauconitic-like casts. 



(c) Fine Washings (41 -48), argillaceous matter, fine mineral particles, 



many glassy fragments, and a greenish organic-like matter. 



Foraminifera. — Globigerina bulloides, and var. triloba; G. (Orbulina) universa, 

 G. clubia, G. cequilateralis, Pulvinulina menardii and P. elegans, Sagrina, 

 Bolii'ina, Nonionina, Polystomella, and Biloculina. All these Foraminifera 

 are in a dwarfed stage. 



Molluscs. — Nassa, Cylichna, Tell en, and another bivalve (in numbers), also 

 Conns, Natica, Turritella, Melania, Monodonta, Dentalium, Bulla, Leda, Area, 

 &c: Pteropods represented by Creseis (in numbers), and Hyalcea (a few). 



Echinoderms. — A species, probably of Spatangus, in numbers. 



Miscellaneous. — Partially carbonised stems of plants ; fragments of branch- 

 ing corals and volcanic rocks, 2 to 3 inches in diameter and under. Frequently 

 penetrated by small tubular cavities, filled with coarse sand and minute shells, 

 being the burrows probably of some annelid or crustacean. 



This deposit displays a rudely laminated structure, the layers between 1 

 and 3 inches in thickness being steeply inclined 70° towards the coast. It 

 forms the level ground on which the village of Saveki stands, removed 10 to 

 20 feet above the beach ; and may be shortly described as formed from the 

 washings of Treasury Island previous to its last upheaval. A very similar 

 deposit is uow in process of formation in the deeper parts of the harbour in 

 depths below the coral zone, evidently derived in great part from the large 

 amount of sediment brought down by the streams during the rains. Probably 

 the above loam-rock was formed in a similar manner and at similar depths 

 (20 to 50 fathoms), and the dwarfed condition of its Foraminifera may be 

 attributed to the injurious effect of the fresh-water of the streams. 



Hard Foraminiferal Limestone. — I have included under this name rocks 

 Avhich occupy the position of the coral limestone at the surface, but to which 

 the term of coral rock is scarcely applicable. They are usually hard, compact, 

 and of a yellowish-brown colour, and are largely composed of Foraminifera. 

 In Treasury Island, as in the Shortland Islands, they are not unfrequently 

 found on the crest of hills, but I never observed them at a greater elevation 

 than 750 feet above the sea. Further information on the characters of these 

 rocks is given in the portion of this paper devoted to the consideration of the 

 coral limestones, so called (vide pages 564 and 575). 



The Nucleus of Volcanic Rock. — I referred above to the partial exposure of 

 the nucleus of volcanic rock around and over which have been formed the 

 Foraminiferous muds and overlying coral-reef formations that have been 

 described in detail. The only locality where the volcanic rock is exposed to 



