652 MR J. T. CUNNINGHAM AND MR G. A. RAM AGE ON THE 



is also, as shown in fig. 14 d, a ciliated longitudinal line or groove in the 

 median line of the ventral surface. The first transverse band is prseoral, the 

 second postoral, and the third perianal. There is a well-developed prseoral lobe 

 and a single pair of black ocelli. In these points the larva is more like the adult 

 Scoleplos armiger than the adult Arenicola ; but the character which seemed to 

 us to indicate more definitely the former species as the adult form is the pair of 

 anal cirri which appear in the oldest stage of the larva figured (comp. PL XL. 

 fig. 14 f, and PL XXXVIII. fig. 7 b). The first somite to be defined is the 

 1st postoral, and the others are constricted off in succession from the growing 

 posterior end. Dorsal cirri appear on the two most posterior somites in the 

 oldest stage figured. 



Fam. HERMELLIDiE. 



Sabellaria, Lamarck. 

 Sabellaria spinulosa, R. Leuckart. 

 Sabellaria lumbricalis, Johnston, Cat. Brit. Mus. 



Sabellaria spinulosa, R. Leuckart, Arch. fur. Naturges., xv. 1; Malmgren, 

 Ann. Polych., etc.; MTntosh, Fauna of St Andrews. 



We have identified our specimens with this species chiefly on account of the 

 form of the palese of the outer row in the operculum. Malmgren's figure of 

 the entire animal of this species far less resembles our specimens than his 

 figure of S. alveolata, L. In the latter figure the branchiae are long, as in our 

 specimens (PL XLI. fig. 17 c); in the other figure they are much shorter. The 

 position of the chsetae in the 1st and following few somites, and the breadth of 

 the notopodia in the posterior somites, are other points in which Malmgren's 

 figure of S. alveolata agrees with our specimens of S. spinulosa. It is difficult 

 to avoid the conclusion he has by mistake interchanged the figures of the entire 

 animal in the two species. 



Habits. — -The flat mud banks in the estuary of the Forth in the neighbourhood 

 of Charleston contain myriads of this species, the tubes of which render these 

 banks hard and firm. The dredge worked over these banks brings up large 

 masses of these tubes, and scarcely anything else. We have also found 

 specimens encrusting rocks, stones, and shells in the coralline zone near the 

 Granton Laboratory, and inhabiting tubes of sand adhering to oyster, Pecten, 

 and other shells dredged in the Firth. 



Anatomy. — The morphology of Sabellaria offers a difficult problem, namely, 

 that of deciding on the true significance of the cephalic processes on which 

 the operculum is carried. Many zoologists have called these processes 

 kopflappen, or cephalic lobes. It seems impossible that these lobes should be 

 really cephalic, for there is no other case among the Clnetopoda in which chaetai 

 occur on the true cephalic lobes, or prostomium. It seems probable, from the 



