462 TRANSACTIONS LIVERPOOL BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



Ceramium, Polysiphonia, Callithamnion, Dermatocarpon 

 and others. 



Not a few animals are also found on Chondrus crispus. 

 Flustra grows attached to the fronds, whereas others, like 

 Caprella linearis, and some of the Halacarini are found 

 crawling about on the upright shoots. 



Chondrus crispus is a perennial plant. The root goes on 

 growing for several years, sending up new shoots annually. 

 Considering the condition of things, which I have observed 

 in the Baltic species of Pliyllophora, I do not think that 

 a frond once separated from the base can again attach 

 itself. I have had detached individuals of Pliyllophora 

 membranifolia and P. Brodicei under observation in 

 cultures continuously for several years. The wound 

 formed by the separation would gradually heal over, 

 but no attempt would be made to form a new 

 attachment organ. 



The reproductive organs of Chondrus crispus are formed 

 during the winter. The reproductive spores probably 

 germinate in the early summer. 



III._CONCLUDIKG REMARKS. 



Having surveyed more or less in detail the develop- 

 ment, structure and ecology of Chondrus crispus, I will 

 now give a brief summary of what has been said in 

 the preceding chapters. The summary takes the form of 

 a full diagnosis. A diagnosis may include just enough 

 information to distinguish any particular species from 

 nearly allied forms. It is better, however, that it should 

 include more. It should supply as complete but as brief 

 an account of the species as possible. 



