160 TRANSACTIONS LIVERPOOL BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



of wool for stocking's or cloth was somewhat similar, only 

 the quiggal was removed from the wheel, the " rolls " 

 being kept on the knee. After the wool from the sheep 

 had been washed and picked, it was carded with combs, 

 " threden olley," and then, with a quick turn of the wrist, 

 made into short rolls with the back of the combs. When 

 two spools of wool had been spun, they were put on the 

 " clowan broachey," reel bobbin or wheel spools ; the 

 spinning wheel being then turned the reverse way, twisted 

 them together into strong k< threads," ready for knitting 

 into stockings, or for weaving in the hand-loom into cloth 

 or dress material. If the thread was required in hanks, 

 as it would be for making cloth, a " crosh-lane," hand- 

 cross, would be used ; this crosh-lane was made of wood 

 somewhat the shape of an anchor. The thread was put 

 round it and thus formed into hanks. If, again, hanks 

 were required in balls, there was the " chrown thross," 

 winding blade, for that purpose ; in shape this was like 

 the sails of a windmill, and, fixed in a wooden stand, 

 revolved in something the same manner. One kind, after 

 60 revolutions, made a little " clic," showing that a certain 

 quantity of wool was wound, and then started afresh. 



With regard to lighting arrangements, an original 

 natural lamp used here until quite recently was the 

 " Tanrogan," or large scallop (Pecten maximus), the hollow 

 upper shell of which made a natural saucer in which a 

 wick of rag or rush would lie in solid or liquid grease, 

 sometimes lard, sometimes fish oil, or goose-grease. The 

 " Cruisie " is very rare. It has an oil vessel formed with a 

 spout from which the wick " bitte," projects, and hangs 

 from a hook provided with notches by means of which the 

 vessel can be tipped forward gradually as the oil burns 

 down. A second and larger vessel fixed below is to catch 

 the drippings of the oil. The iron rush and candle holder 



