382 TRANSACTIONS LIVERBOOL BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



All the specimens are small ones, being from 1^ to 2 

 inches in length. The adult fish itself may attain a 

 weight of TO lbs. 



The body is stout and slightly laterally compressed. 

 The following measurements of this immature stage may 

 be useful for purposes of comparison with the adult : * 

 Depth of body : 3J times in total length. 

 Greatest thickness of body : nearly 2\ in total length. 

 Length of head: 3f in total length. 

 Depth of caudal peduncle : 3 J times in length of head. 

 Diameter of eye : 3J in length of head. 

 Distance of anterior margin of the eye from the snout : 



\ of length of head. 

 Radial formula: D. XL — 12; A. III. — 9. 



Mr. Holt points out that the scale-formula is not so 

 restricted as in his diagnosis of the adult. The transverse 

 formula is ^Z^ , and the longitudinal one about 60. 



The teeth in both jaws are conical. In the upper jaw 

 there are two canines on either side, with four smaller 

 teeth in the symphysial space between the canines. In 

 the lower jaw there are three teeth on each side which 

 are longer than the rest. 



In one specimen dissected there were four large 

 pyloric cseca. 



There are about six transverse bands on each side of 

 the body. 



5. Ray showing arrested development of the pectoral 

 fins. 



An immature specimen of Raia clavata, caught off 



Blackpool by the " John Fell " in September, 1905, shows 



in an interesting manner an arrested development of the 



" wings " or pectoral fins. Fig. 24 represents this speci- 



* Holt and Byrne Report Sea and Inland Fisheries for Ireland 

 for 1902-3, Pt. ii., 1905, pp. 156-161, PI. xxvii. 



