418 



TRANSACTIONS LIVERPOOL BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



which are inserted on the end of the tibia (text-figs. 2, 3 

 and 4). In frequent instances the lower claw is greatly 

 reduced, or it may be wanting altogether, as is the case 

 in Anurula. There are frequently found in relation with 

 the claws several (usually three) stiff hairs or setae, which 

 are swollen at their extremities.* These structures are 



Text-Fig. 2.— I., Isotoma palustris : m, manubrium; d, dens; 

 t, mucro. II., Extremity of fore foot. III., Eyes and 

 post-antennal organ (the arrow is directing forwards.) 

 IV., Mucro. V., ' Catch ' : cp, corpus or basal portion ; 

 r, ramus. 



inserted into the distal end of the tibia, and are known as 

 tenent hairs (text-fig. 4). They appear to be modified 

 glandular setae, and exude from their extremities a small 

 drop of a sticky semi-gelatinous fluid. These hairs are 

 adhesive in their function, and they aid the insect in 

 climbing smooth or steep surfaces. 



* These hairs are not peculiar to the Collembola, but are found in 

 many larvae as well as in those adult insects in which the adhesive 

 pads or pulvilli are wanting. 



