139 
Irrigation in Upper India. 
ByH. G. McKinney, M.E., Assoc. M. Inst. C.E., District Engineer, 
Harbours and Rivers Dept., and late of the Irrigation Dept., 
India, 
[Read before the Royal Society of N.S.W., 7 November, 1883.] 
carried out, and of the arrangements adopted in the distribution of 
the water, 
: The irrigation systems may be classed under three heads :—lst, 
irrigation from wells ; 2nd, tank or reservoir irrigation ; and 3rd, 
urigated, and the water when raised to the surface of the ground 
flows off to the field in channels made for the purpose. The method 
of raising the water differs in different localities, and according to 
the depth at which the water is met with. In 
Mm Oudh, an earthen vessel suspended from the end of a balance- 
beam is a common arrangement for this purpose. In the North- 
very rude construction, but instead of a winding dr “a 
fix te lifting arrangement, continuous motion is given to a whee 
ed over the well, and on which endless rope, laden with an 
ho ds and their modifications, but such comparisons are of li 
; ical use. The depth at which water is found, the area to be 
"gated, and the means of the cultivator, are the first considerations 
