1881. ] LTistory of the Buffalo. 123 
seemeth they have beards,. because of the great store of hair 
hanging down at their chins and throats. The males have very 
long tails, and a great knob or flock at the end, so that in some 
respects they resemble the lion and in some others the camel. 
They push with their horns, they run, they overtake and kill a 
horse when they are in their rage and anger. Finally it isa 
fierce beast of countenance and form of body. The horses fled 
from them, either because of their deformed shape or else because 
they had never seen them before. Their masters have no other 
riches or substance; of them they eat, they drink, they apparel, 
they shoe themselves; and of their hides they make many things, 
as houses, shoes, apparel and ropes; of their bones they make 
bodkins ; of their siaews and hair, thread; of their horns, maws 
and bladders, vessels ; of their dung, fire; and of their calf skins, 
budgets wherein they draw and keep water. To be short they 
make so many things of them as they have need of, or as may 
suffice them in the use of this life.” 
In 1585 Espejo, returning from his exploration of Northern 
New Spain, says that he traveled down a river “called Rio 
de las Vacas (that is to say the River of Oxen, now the Pecos, in 
Texas) in respect of the great multitude of oxen or kine that fed 
upon the banks thereof, by the which they travelled for the space 
of 120 leagues—still meeting with store of the said cattell.” 
Sir Humphrey Gilbert, whose voyages commenced in 1583, 
says there are in Newfoundland, “ buttolfes, or a beast, it seemeth 
by the tract and foot very large in maner of an oxe,” and ina 
work published by Hakluyt in London (158g), it is stated that in 
the island of Newfoundland were foynd “ mightie beastes like to 
camels in greatnesse and their feete were cloven. I did see them 
farre off, notable to discerne them perfectly, but their steps shewed 
that their feete were cloven and bigger than the feete of camels. 
I suppose them to be a kind of Buffes, which I read to bee in the 
countreys adjacent, and very many in the forine land.” 
Anether author, Purehas, sin that as early as 1613 the adven- 
turers in Virginia discovered a “slow kinde of cattel as bigge as 
kine, which were good meate.”’ 
A work published at Amsterdam in 1637, by Thomas Morton, 
called “ New English Canaan,” contains the following: ‘ The 
Indians have also made description of great heards of well grown 
beasts, that live ates the parts of this lake (Erocoise) such as 
VOL. XV.—NO. II. 9 
