1881.] Recent Literature. 223 
most of the leading genera of fishes, with diagnoses of the fami- 
lies and higher divisions as understood by Dr. Giinther, with 
many good illustrations. While this part of the work will always 
e most valuable to the student, it remains to point out two 
radical defects. In the first place, the systematic classification is 
error of the learned author’s own creation. We allude to his 
subclass of Paleichthyes, which is a triumph of systematic gaw- 
cherie. The second deficiency of which we complain, is the won- 
derful ignorance of North American Ichthyology displayed in the 
ook. It is scarcely necessary to enter into detailed criticism 
of this part of the subject. We summarize by saying that the 
book has no value whatever as representing North American 
Ichthyology, and can only be read by the student here, as a sys- 
tematic text-book, with reference to exotic species and genera. ? 
BRUHL’s ZooTomy For StupENTS.'—We have often wanted some 
work giving sketches, with each part identified, of the anatomy of 
common types, especially of vertebrates. It will be difficult for the 
student to find in any single book, not excepting Owen’s anatomy 
of the vertebrate animal, good, detailed figures of the common 
salamanders, lizards, birds or mammals. We therefore subscribed 
to Briihl’s Zodtomy,and have found the parts as issued so useful for 
the purpose stated, that we unhesitatingly recommend it to teach- 
ers as the cheapest and fullest atlas of comparative anatomy with 
which we are acquainted. Twenty parts have been published, of 
which five have appeared during the past year. They comprise 
among other illustrations the osteology and visceral anatomy of the 
fowl and other birds, different fishes, reptiles and the osteology and 
brains of the apes, the latter given with sufficient fullness. The 
five parts issued lately illustrate the osteology of the Lepidosiren, — 
Protopterus, Ceratodus, Chimzera, Callorhynchus, Rana pipiens, 
and of different turtles, the details being abundant, and evidently 
well drawn from nature. Very few of the figures are copied from 
other authors, and appear to be reliable, though we have not 
compared them with original preparations. The author is Pro- 
fessor of Zodtomy in the University of Vienna. Further informa- 
tion is given in the title below. , 
INGERSOLL’s Frienps WortH KnowinG.—Boys and girls are, in 
this little book, treated to glimpses of snails, birds, wild mice, an 
then taken out to the plains and shown by word and pictures the 
* Zodtomi: ; ii ‘h Autopsien, skizzert von Cart B. 
Bruni. Tllustint devch Zecivendenateln, mit abe 4000, von Verlassermeis 
nach der natur gezeichneten und sammtlich von ihm mit dem diamant in Stein rad 
pe Figuren, Atlas in 50 Lieferungen zu 4 Tafeln. Wien, 1879, 8vo. Alfred Holder, 
ew York, B. ; 
_ ° Friends Work hone Glinipecs of American Natural History. By ERNEST 
INGERSOLL. Illustrated. New York, 1881, 12mo, pp. 258. 
