240 General Notes. [March, 
experiments which I made in 1875 (recorded in the Transaction 
of the St. Louis Academy of Science, October, 1875), and which 
were the first recorded of their kind, show that the eggs from 
the winged females are most often laid in or on the ground near 
the base of the vine, and that they are so delicate as to require 
specially favorable conditions of moisture and temperature to en- 
able them to hatch. I do not hesitate to express my conviction 
that when deposited on anything else than the lower, tomentose 
surface of the living leaf of the grape vine, where they can receive 
moisture by endosmosis, or in the crevices or frregularities of 
earth, that receives from dew or other sources a-due amount of 
moisture, they will infallibly perish. But even supposing that 
these eggs could hatch, and the resulting female should lay the 
impregnated egg upon any other living plant, and that this egg 
should in due time give birth to the stem-mother, she would in- 
' evitably perish without issue for want of appropriate food; while 
to suppose that all these operations could go on upon any other 
product or substance than living plants, or upon the dry parts of 
plants, is to exhibit crass ignorance of the peculiar conditions 
necessary to the perpetuation of the species at these particular 
stages. With the utmost care in endeavoring to supply the 
natural conditions, I have failed nine times in ten to obtain the 
sexual individuals, and still more frequently to get the impreg- 
nated egg, and such has been the experience of others in Europe. 
The danger ofsintroducing this insect upon anything else than 
the grape vine, where a voyage has to be made in the tropics, 1s 
et more remote, as even supposing the “winter egg” could be 
produced it would prematurely hatch on the voyage. 
The only way, therefore, in which Phylloxera can be conveyed 
from one country to another widely separated therefrom, is upon 
grape vines, and here we come to the question raised by 
h. My recommendation to use certain resisting American 
vines as stocks on which to graft the more susceptible European 
vine has resulted in an immense traffic between this country and 
Europe in American cuttings, and nurserymen engaged in this 
state, and while later researches, here by myself and abroad by 
others, have confirmed my previous experience in this country, 
published five years ago, as to the rarity of the “winter egg” on 
the canes above ground, and the more recent observations would 
seem to indicate that wherever it is thus found above ground it 1s 
produced rather from the gall-inhabiting type than from the more 
dangerous root-inhabiting type, yet the fact that this “ winter egg 
does occur upon almost any part of the plant above ground, and 
more particularly under the loose bark of the two-year-old cane, 
