1881.] The Fertilization of Salvia splendens by Birds. 267 
become receptive, it is functionally hermaphrodite or perfect ; and 
in the third, the pollen having been entirely removed, while the 
oN 
“IX 
Fic. 1.—Young flower of Salvia splendens, seen from the side. The position of 
the c connective and acti is shown by dotted lines, as riniag the po: npn assumed by 
the style in older flowers. FI. 2. ce Bay the upper from a ne cnpanted 
flower, sie tavern Ra a flower which has been open es some time. -—-The 
nectar gland and oxey Fic. 4.—A flower visited by a humming bird ; Fig igs. I and 
Fig and 3, enlarged four diameters; @, indicates the fertile anther 
cells; a’ , the Saree elle; 342, tne Sepgateis at the point aorta it is hinged to the 
filamen nt; ~ hee ectar gland; 0, the ova 
ants for access to the nectar; s, the tagaes st, the 
stigma, f vegetal retains its siete it is pistillate only so 
far as function is concerned. 
It appears at once that there is little likelihood of pollen reach- 
ing the stigma without some sort of assistance, and the proter- 
andry decreases the chances for a given flower to be fertilized by 
its own pollen when such assistance is rendered, though from the 
apparent incompleteness of the sss this may occur in 
some instances. 
Many species of Salvia are perfectly adapted to profit by the 
visits of bees, usually “humble bees, which, in entering the flower 
for nectar, encounter and elevate the posterior end of the connec- 
tives with their heads, thus bringing the polliniferous anterior 
end upon their backs and dusting them with pollen, which will 
be brushed off, in part, by the stigma of the next older flower 
visited. When the insect leaves the flower, the stamens, return- — 
ing to their former position through the elasticity of the parts, are 
ready to make their bow to the next comer. Iwo facts, how- — 
ever, argue pee the adaptation of the present species to bees : 
