1881.] The Brain of the Locust. 285 
bird, when it seized small mammals among the cactus beds, 
where they usually burrow for protection. One of the best 
unions, after gun-shot fracture, I ever had the pleasure of exam- 
ining (the specimen is now in the Army Medical Museum), 
occurred, in the upper third of the humerus, in a specimen of 
Mergus serrator, that I secured several months ago. Taking into 
consideration the fact that this bird is a vigorous diver, and one 
of no mean powers of flight, the result, if we may so call it, was 
an excellent one—there being scarcely any deformity—and the 
member was as serviceable as ever. 
I have seen and possess specimens of many other interesting 
cases, but their description would extend this paper far beyond 
the limits. The best examples, and those perhaps worthy-at least 
of a mention, consist of a case of non-union in the palatines of 
Anas boschus, a depressed fracture in the cranium of Corvus 
americanus, gunshot injuries resulting in recovery of the brain 
in Spheotyto and others. 
:0: 
THE BRAIN OF THE LOCUST! 
BY A. S. PACKARD, JR, 
N order to appreciate the habits, migratory, reproductive, &c., 
of the locust, and to learn something of its general intelligence 
as an insect and as compared with other insects, it is necessary 
for us to study with a good deal of care, the organ of the locust’s 
mind, t.e., its nervous system, comprising its nervous centers and 
the nerves arising from them. 
The Nervous System in General—The nervous system of the 
locust consists of a series of nerve centers or ganglia, connected 
by nervous cords called commissures. There are ten of these gan- 
glia in the locust, z ¢, two in the head, the first and largest of 
which is called the “ drain ;” three ganglia in the thorax, and five 
in the hind-body or abdomed: The brain is situated in the upper 
part of the head, resting upon the gullet or cesophagus, whence 
its true name suprawsophageal ganglion. (Plate 1, Fig. 1.) The 
succeeding nerve-center is situated in the lower part of the head, 
1 Adapted for the NATURALIST from the Second Report of the U, S. Entomologi- 
cal Commission, 1880. We are indebted to the Commission for permission to have 
an edition of five plates struck off from the lithographic stones at the — of the 
publishers, 
