1881.] Endocranium and Maxillary Suspensorium of the Bee. 359 
great degree of motion backwards and forwards is allowed to the 
labium, which mobility is still further increased by the protrusi- 
bility of its ligule or distal piece. The labium consists of a basal 
piece, usually termed submentum (we would rather call it basi- 
labium, Fig. 5, BL); of a medial piece, usually termed mentum. 
Fic. 4.—Suspensorium and mouth parts of ant. MS, basi-suspensorium; MC,’ 
mesocephalic pillar. The other references are as in F ig. 5. 
Spensorium; MR, i-suspensorium ; de/ow BL, labi-suspensoriw 3 to 
basi-labium ; ML, medi-labium; PG, paraglosse; LP, labial ; LG, ligule or outer 
ongue; MD, mandible; Mx, maxilla: the termin rt of the maxilla is the lacinia, 
e 
the basal part is the stipe, its narrow middle part has a rudimentary maxillary palp. 
One of the endocranial pillars is seen extending from beside the occipital foramen to 
ible. 
near the insertion of the mandible 
(we would call it medi-labium, ML), and of what we may call a 
disti-labium, consisting of paraglosse (pc), of well-developed — 
labial palps (LP), and of the terminal ligule (LG), about which a 
great deal has been written. 
In such bee-like insects as do not protrude their maxille, these 
Parts are more or less simplified, so as often to illustrate and 
explain the complex arrangement of the bee. Very often the 
distal parts of the labium are reduced or condensed (so as to 
resemble somewhat the swollen tip of a housefly’s proboscis). In 
Stizus grandis, with non-retractile proboscis, we found the basi- 
cranial rods to be merely a high ledge running forwards around 
the excavated part of the basi-cranium, and serving for insertion _ 
