1881.] Archeology in Vermont. 435 
triangular groove and parallel sides, as in figure 8, there are other 
gouges, with somewhat similar grooves, which taper from the 
edge almost toa point. One of these of the hard black lime- 
stone found abundantly in many parts of Western Vermont, is 
rather rudely finished, the pick-marks being conspicuous. This 
specimen, which is 8 inches long, has a very wide, short groove, 
which shows a peculiarity seen to a less degree in other gouges. 
It is deeper on each side so that a convex portion occupies the 
median part of the groove, thus affording a hint of the manner in 
which the excavated portion was worked out, at least in some 
cases, 2. ¢., by rubbing or grinding out a narrow groove on each 
side of the implement and then removing the space included be- 
tween these. It is possible that some pointed hammer or other 
implement was used in the excavation of the groove, but only a 
very few specimens indicate this in any way; in nearly all, the 
smooth surface, sometimes striated, suggests that the whole was 
ground out by using sand with some cylindrical instrument. In 
one specimen, in which the groove is triangular, though concave 
transversely instead of being flat, as in the above, we find the 
upper end brought to a chisel edge somewhat like that shown in 
figure 6, though this latter is much less highly finished, indeed, 
its material, a sort of mica schist, precludes much elegance in the 
finish, It is a small implement, being but 4.25 inches long. Both 
surfaces are flat, and the sides rounded. Figure g is a fine speci- 
men, made of a compact, mottled stone of a greenish hue. The 
surface is smooth, though not polished, except near and in the 
groove. The surface shown is flat and the edges along the sides 
are sharp. The lower surface is convex. As is often the case, 
the thickness is ¢reatest, 1.8 inch, near the middle, and from here 
the under surface slopes to each end. The form of the groove 
and of the specimen itself may be understood from the figure. 
This is a large gouge, as it is 9 inches long and 1.65 inch wide at 
the edge. The upper end is somewhat rude, but all the rest shows 
that much care was exercised in making it. There is a species of 
§euge which is found in various parts of the State quite unlike 
any of those mentioned. The implements of this sort are of 
small size with a blunt, rounded edge, wholly unfitted for cutting 
®r even scraping. In some cases, perhaps, this thickness of the 
€dge should be regarded as the effects of use, but it is so regu- 
lar and of such a character, that I have no doubt that it was 
