1881.] Botany. 471 
Our Species oF CEDAR AppLes.—The curious growths on white 
cedar, red cedar and juniper,.to which the name Cedar Apples has 
been given, have recently been carefully studied by Dr. Farlow. 
The results of his studies are published in the Memoirs of the 
Boston Society of Natural History, covering thirty-eight quarto 
pages, and accompanied by two plates.’ This important contribu- 
tion is the first of a series of papers upon the Uredinez, which 
Dr. Farlow hopes to publish soon. The popular interest in these 
plants is sufficient reason for giving space here for a synopsis of 
the paper. 
All the cedar apples are now considered to be species of the 
genus Gymnosporangium, belonging to the order Uredinez, and 
Now as we have several species of Reestelia in the United States, 
ments have failed to show any such connection, however. 
ost cedar apples are perennial, and appear year after year 
upon the host. The teleutospores, which are mostly two-celled, 
sometimes several celled, develop in little clusters which expan 
into columnar or irregular masses (technically called the sporif- 
érous masses) when wet, as after a rain. In this expanded state 
they are very conspicuous, and are often mistaken by the non- 
scientific for the flowers or the fruits of the trees upon which they 
ow. 
The following generic and specific descriptions are taken with- 
Out modification from Dr. Farlow's paper ; in his paper, however, 
each description is accompanied with notes upon their synonomy, 
and copious discussions upon structural peculiarities. — 
Gymnosporangium De Cand. 
rors yellow or orange-colored, usually two-celled, occasion- 
Sat one to six-celled, on long hyaline pedicels, imbedded in a 
ass of jelly which, when moistened, swells into columnar or 
tregularly expanded masses. Mycelium parasitic in the leaves 
and branches of di : : : , 
i ifferent ducing in them various 
distortions. Cupressinez, pro g 
1 
The Gymnosporangia, or Cedar Apples of the United States. By W. G. Farlow. 
