1881. ] Anthropology. 663 
larvee has lateral filaments a sixteenth of an inch long, but there 
is no connection between them and the stigmatal branches of the 
trachee. (Fig. 3, 2, shows one of the branches.) The latter open 
immediately over the large trunks some distance above the lateral 
filaments. They are very short, are comparatively small, pass 
directly upward to the skin from the trunks, and consequently a 
good view of them can scarcely be obtained without dissection, 
certainly not without rendering the specimens transparent. They 
can be best seen by cutting out a strip of skin above the trunks, 
placing it, with the air-vessels attached, under the microscope, 
and rolling one of the trunks aside with a needle. The 
spiracles are situated in the anterior border of the mesothorax, 
the second in the anterior border of the metathorax, and follow- 
ing these there are seven others in the abdomen besides the large 
terminal pair, making ten pairs in all. 
Westwood states that the terminal appendages of the abdomen 
(Fig. 3, c) are respiratory organs. With this statement in mind I 
was prepared to see them well supplied with tracheze, and was 
Surprised to find, instead, but a simple branch of not more than 
one-twentieth the diameter of the appendages. 
he trunks give off numerous short branches in the abdomen 
and thorax near the points from which the branches proceed to 
the stigmata. At the posterior part of the prothorax the trunks 
divide, one large branch on each side continuing forward till near 
the front of the head, where branches are given off supplying the 
mandibles, maxilla and antennz. At about the point at which 
these branches leave the main branch, an arch is formed by a 
branch from each side curving forwards towards the middle line 
and there uniting. The anterior portion of this arch lies within 
the base of the labium, where branches pass forward from it into 
the labial palpi. The other branches produced by the division of 
¢ trunks form a large arch, the anterior portion of which lies 
within the base of the head. Branches from this arch pass along 
hi side of the cesophagus, while others supply the sides of the 
yap and the region of the eyes. (See diagram, Fig. 3, a.)—W. 
- Garman, Normal, Ills. 
ANTHROPOLOGY .' 
the MPARATIVE Brotocy.—The comprehensive term by which 
© study of the natural history of man is designated has become 
well nigh settled in its application. In the summaries which have 
€n published in the NaTurauist, the Smithsonian Report, and 
folle d's Annual Record, it has been found convenient to adopt the 
pNeeteg 3 subdivisions of Anthropology: 1. Anthropogeny, in- 
is me both the laws of environment and inheritance as effecting 
ne affecting our race ; “2. Archzeology, a term well understood ; 
3 Anatomy, specificand comparative; 4. Psychology, involuntary 
1 * 
Edited by Prof. Oris T. Mason, 1 305 Q Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. 
