784 Notes on the Early Larval Stages of the (October, 
results of those great continental oscillations which have con- 
tributed so wonderfully to change the physical aspects of this 
region. The number and height of the terraces indicate exten- 
sive areas of depression and subsequent elevation. 
It might here be noted that the lithological or physical features 
of these local deposits differ in no appreciable degree from the 
loess of the Missouri valley, with which it is probably synchro- 
nous, and also of the same ultimate origin. The fossils found in 
the loess at this point thus far, are a single spine of a fish, among 
the vertebrates, and among the invertebrates the following land 
and fresh-water shells: MJesodon thyroides Say, Patula alternata 
Say, P. striatella Anth., Hyalina arborea Say, Vallonia pulchella 
Miller, Stenotrema monodon Rack., Helicodiscus lineatus Say, Str- 
bila labyrinthica Say, Pupa fallax Say, P. armifera Say, P. pentadon 
Say, Helicina oculata Say, Succinea obliqua Sar., Limnophysa humilts 
Say, and Limnophysa desidiosa (?,) Say. Another species of the sub- 
genus Patula, is, perhaps, P. strigosa Gould, and is represented 
by four specimens not well preserved. Root marks abound in some 
parts of the exposures. The woody matter having decayed, has 
left’ the cavity partially filled with carbonaceous material, while 
the mass of the concretion-like remains thus referred to vegetable 
origin, is strongly impregnated with the sesquioxide of iron. The 
presence of this oxide is in itself one of the strong reasons for 
regarding these remains as fragments of fossilized roots. It 1s 
not here necessary to revert to the composition of roots, for the 
reason that the fact of their containing a large per cent. of oxide 
of iron is well known. It has been thought best to record sim- 
ply the finding of the loess in this vicinity, and leave to others 
the forming of any theories of the deposit. 
oo: ——— 
NOTES ON THE EARLY LARVAL STAGES OF THE 
FIDDLER CRAB, AND OF ALPHEUS. 
BY A. S. PACKARD, JR. 
The Zoéa of Gelasimus pugnax.—While at Fort Macon, nde 
Carolina, in 1870, I collected a number of the common fiddler a 
(Gelasimus pugnax Smith) with eggs. May 15th segmentation ha 
in some just taken place, the blastoderm having formed, while in 
others the zoéz were about ready to hatch, and were seen to be 
surrounded in the eggs by a delicate larval membrane. 
