1881. ] Geography and Travels. 927 
The elevation of Cotopaxi by merc. bar, WaS....+-++eeseeeeeeess 19,650 
26 - boiling water........ 19,090 
e ‘« Antisana by merc. bar... ....0e eee eee e erences 19,335 
e ne ‘ Oiling water. ..ccceeeceseces esters 18,714 
y “« Cayambe by merc, bar... .. 60 cere rece ee eee ees 19,200 
ri M6 6¢ boiling water. .....sseereeeeeceees 18,600” 
Of the glaciers he remarks: ‘“ As travelers of eminence have 
14,000 and 15,000 feet. Moraines are scarce upon them, for the 
reason that few rocks rise above them and the evidences which 
Moraines frequently afford of former great extensions of glaciers 
1S Consequently wanting. Roches moutonnées are rare, more per- 
aps on account of the ease with which most of the rocks disin- 
tegrate than from any other cause. On the south side of Chim- 
razo, in a valley in which there is now no glacier at all, was 
the only place in which I was certain of roches moutonnées, but 
this single instance proved that glaciers on that mountain have 
formerly extended lower down than they do now. It may be 
stated, as a general rule, that crevasses in the lower parts of the 
Ecuadorian Andes are both smaller and less numerous than in 
Corresponding situations in the Alps, and this I take to be an in- 
dication that in the inferior parts of these glaciers the rate of 
motion is less rapid than in the Alps. But in the higher regions 
they are frequently of enormous size, and we never anywhere had 
Seen greater—if indeed so large—crevasses as We encountered on 
the upper part of Antisana, where some were at least from one- 
fourth to one-third mile long, 300 feet deep, and 50 to 60 feet 
across, 
“Upon the whole I think that the glaciers are least extensive 
On the western sides of the mountains which have been enumer- 
ated, but I speak on this point with some hesitation, as I have not 
in several cases seen completely around them. It is only what 
might be expected in a country where vapor-laden easterly wind 
So largely preponderates. True east wind is, however, rare | 
comparison with north-east and south-east, which outweigh all 
the rest. Charged with vapor from the Amazonian cauldron, 
