934 | Proceedings of Scientific Societies.  [November, 
mould needs simply to be thoroughly heated before it is filled 
with metal in order that the latter may flow into all portions of 
it. After it has become cold it is softened and carefully broken 
away from the casting. 
— Capt. G. J. Belknap, of the U. S. steamer, A/aska, has been 
taking soundings in the Pacific ocean off Callao bay during a 
run of 112 miles. Ata distance of 102 miles from the shore he . 
found a depth of 3368 fathoms, of nearly four statute miles. That 
was the deepest depression he could find. The casts brought ~ 
clay and greenish sand, the bottom temperature being about 34 
Fahr. 
PROCEEDINGS OF SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES. 
Boston Soctety oF Narurat History, Oct. 5.—A paper on 
the species of Orangs, by Mr. F. A. Lucas, was read, and Mr. 
Burgess described the true mouth structure of the “ water-tiger 
{Dytiscus). 
Acapemy or Naturat Sciences or Parrapetrsta, March 8, 
1881.—Professor Angelo Heilprin delivered the introductory » 
his course of lectures on invertebrate paleontology. A paper en 
titled “Structure, affinities and species of Scolopendrella, by 
John A. Ryder, was presented for publication. : 
" March 15.—Professor Henry Carvill Lewis delivered the intro- 
of minerals. Professor Lewis spoke’ of a specimen 0 wie 
quartz containing water. Professor Heilprin made some Spe . 
on Nummulites raymondiopsis and Opercularia rotilla. Mr. Reu eS 
Haines made a communication on impurities in drinking wat 
and the modes of determining them. Remarks on the same su 
ject were made by Messrs. McCook, Heilprin and Morris. fis 
March 22.—Mr. J. A. Ryder gave some of the results a H 
investigations on the development of the oyster. ea 
Horn spoke of the larva of a beetle, Goes perverulentes. 
April 5.—Professor Angelo Heilprin called attention to ee? 
cial characters in a specimen of Spirifer. Mr. J. A- Ryder m cate 
a statement with regard to certain disputed points in the org 
zation of embryo fishes. = dis- 
_ April t9.—Dr. Henry C. Chapman gave the results of his ee 
section of two hippopotami. Mr, Ryder spoke of the deve é 
ment of the nucleus in the ova of fishes and Mollusca. hill 
Tryon read extracts from a letter received from Mr _ Heme 
relating to the habits of west coast limpets. Dr. G.A. Konig ca - 
attention to Reinsch’s work on the micro-structure of pe hares 
and Triassic coal. The subject was farther discussed by Fro by 
sor Heilprin. A paper entitled “Observations on Planorbis, 
__R.E.C. Stearns, was presented for publication. 
