954 Progress of Botany in the United States in 1880. [December, 
torical Sketch of the Science of Botany in North America, from 
1840 to 1858,” in the January Natura ist, and the “Sketch of 
the Progress of Botany in the United States in the year 1879,” 
by C. E. Bessey, in the December Natura.ist, are the only his- 
torical papers published during the year. 
E. Text Books, etc.—Dr. Killebrew’s little book “ Grasses, 
Meadows and Pastures,” and Dr. Sturtevant’s pamphlet on “ In- 
dian Corn” (reprinted from the 38th Rept. of the N. Y. State 
Agricultural Society) deserve mention here on account of their 
botanical interest, in addition to their high agricultural value. 
“ Botany for High Schools and Colleges,” Holt & Co., N. ¥., 
by C. E. Bessey, appeared early in August. It consists of two 
hundred pages of general anatomy and physiology of plants, fol- 
lowed by three hundred and seventy-five pages devoted to the 
special anatomy and physiology of plants, and outlines of their 
classification. Under the first, protoplasm, the ‘plant-cell, cell- 
wall, formation of new cells, products of the cell, tissues, tissue 
systems, intercellular spaces, plant-body, chemical constituents of 
plants, chemical processes in the plant, relations of plants to ¢X 
ternal agents, are successively discussed. In the second part the 
characters of the seven grand divisions (sub-kingdoms) of the 
vegetable kingdom are described; the limits of the classes, 
cohorts and orders are briefly outlined, and their structure illus- 
trated by selected examples. 
A second revised and enlarged edition of Voln 
“ Popular California Flora,” was issued about the middle of the 
year from the publishing house of Bancroft & Co., San Prat” 
cisco. As enlarged, it consists of a hundred and fifty-six pas®* 
including twenty-four pages of introductory matter, followed by 
ey Rattan ’s 
simple descriptions of the less difficult plants selected from the 
flora of West-central California. | 
By far the most important botanical book of the year, vee 
» including 
Sereno Watson's Vol. 1 of the “ Botany of California, 
Apetalz, Gymnospermz, Monocotyledones, Vascular i se EE | 
Musci and Sphagnacee. Dr. Engelmann elaborated the 0a» 
the pines and their allies, and the Loranthacee ; M. 5. Bebb, ce 
willows; Wm. Boott, the Carices; Dr. Thurbur, the grasses, al cs 
Professor Eaton, tlre vascular cryptogams. A valuable oo 
_ Persons who have made Botanical Collections in Californ% i 
_ appended, by Professor Brewer. The two volumes of this ea oo. 
