992 Recent Literature. ' [December, 
marriage.” These races, Tylor believes, have descended from a 
common ancestry, however distinct, while the different races, such 
as the black, brown, yellow and white, “are living records of the 
remote past, every Chinese and Negro bearing in his face evi- 
dence of the antiquity of man.” So the study of philology 
shows that one family of languages, now spoken in Asia and 
Europe has descended from a common ancestral language, which 
is now theoretically called the Aryan, though “ of an original 
primitive language, the most patient research has found no traces. 
Also when we consider the arts and customs of mankind, “it ap- 
pears, says our author, “that whenever there are found elaborate 
arts, abstract knowledge, complex institutions, these are the 
results of gradual development from an earlier, simpler and ruder 
———— SS 
Fic. 1.—South Australian (Man). 
state of life. No stage of civilization comes into existence spon- 
taneously, but grows or is developed out of the stage before "e 
his is the great principle which every scholar must lay firm ho 
of, if he intends to understand either the world he live 
history of the past.” h 
After sketching what history, archeology and geology eee 
as to man’s age and course on the earth, he considers per 
place in the animal world, and maintains that man’s ine 
development “ must have been in no small degree gained at Se 
use of his hands.” 
As to the distinctions between man and the apes, Ty ah ie 
marks that “ whereas the lobes of the ape’s brain has ea the | is 
simpler convolutions than in the human brain,” as reg 
