1881. ] Recent Literature. 993 
the latter, “both size and complexity mean mind-power.” 
then attempts to answer the question, How far do their minds 
Work like ours? and falls back on the power of speech as giving 
“about the clearest distinction that can be drawn between the 
action of mind in beast and man,” and he thinks it safe to con- 
clude that the “ mental machinery of the lower animals is roughly 
similar to our own, up to a limit.” 
The author then discusses the races of mankind, and states what 
arace is. Perhaps the lowest are the Australian (Figs. 1, 2,) and 
also the Andaman islanders (Fig. 3), the latter thought, by Flower, 
to be a remnant of a very early human stock, perhaps the best rep- 
resentative of the primitive Negro type. Tylor regards the native 
American, from the Arctic regions to Patagonia, as constituting 
Fic. 2.—South Australian (Woman). 
a single race. He thinks it “ probable that man had appeared 
there, as in the old world, in an earlier geological period than the 
Present, so that the first kinship between the Mongols and the 
North American Indians may go back to a time when there was 
no ocean between them. What looks like later communication 
between the two continents is, that the stunted Eskimo, with 
their narrow roof-topped skulls, may be a branch of the Japanese 
Stock, while there are signs of the comparatively civilized Mexi- 
cans and Peruvians having in some way received arts and ideas 
from Asiatic nations.” 
In the chapter on language; sign-writing, gesture language, 
Sound-gestures or interjections, are regarded as steps leading to 
the origin of language, which form what Tylor calls natural lan- 
