1881. ] Geology and Paleontology. 1021 
crowded small fossz, giving a delicate reticulate relief. Length 
of an intercentrum, .013; width of do., .014; width of the sum- 
mit of a neural spine, .020; length of do., .o14; width of a sec- 
ond do, .025; length of do., 015; width of a third (two unite), 
.034; length of do., .039. The reference of this species is pro- 
visional only. It is much larger than the Z. serratus ——£, D. 
ope. 
NEw CARBONIFEROUS FOSSILS IN SCOTLAND.—In a recent number 
of Nature, Professor Geikie describes a remarkable discovery of 
fossils in Scotland. The present hoard has been found among 
that range of hills or uplands familiar to travelers who enter 
Scotland from the south, which forma barrier between the valleys 
of the border on the one hand and the Scottish lowlands on the 
other. This belt of pastoral high grounds has a special interest 
for the geologist; he can trace it back to its origin about the 
close of the Silurian period; and since the old red sandstone, 
notwithstanding submergence, elevation, and denudation, the 
ridge has continued to form a barrier between the basins on its 
northern and southern margin. During every part of the carbon- 
iferous period these southern uplands of Scotland formed a barrier 
between the lagoons of the lowlands and the more open waters to 
the south which spread over the north and centre of England. 
For some years past the Geological Survey of Scotland, has been 
engaged in the detailed investigation of the carboniferous rocks 
between the Silurian uplands and the English border. In the 
course of the work, one particular zone of shale on the banks of 
the River Esk, has been found to possess extraordinary palzeon- 
tological value. From this stratum, where exposed for a few 
square yards by the edge of the river, a larger number of new 
organisms has been exhumed by the Survey than has been ob- 
tained from the entire carboniferous system of Scotland for years 
past. Asa whole, the remains are in an excellent state of preser- 
28 species of ganoids, no fewer than 20, at least, are new. Of the © 
16 genera in which these species are comprised, five are now for 
the first time added to science, of which one (Tarrasius) is 
altogether so peculiar that no place can be found for it in any — 
known family. Thecommon forms of the Lothians are conspicu- — 
ous by their absence in Eskdale and Liddesdale. These facts 
- suggest interesting problems in carboniferous geography and in 
