40 . Journal of the F.M.S. Museums. [Vor. IX, 
This, however, if the cave-dwellers were at all similar in their 
habits to present aboriginals—whether Semang, Sakai, or Jakun 
—does not seem likely, as even the tame tribes seldom stay 
longer than a year or two in one place, while the wilder 
Semang are nomadic. On the other hand, there were no 
barien s/vata in the deposits, which, except where layers of 
the ashes of fires were encountered, were of a similar nature, 
from top to bottom. Barren layers, however, would, perhaps, 
scarcely be expected, if the caves were used at fairly frequent 
intervals,’ or at a certain season of the year ;* for the rotting 
of the limestone, and its falling down as powdery deposit—the 
caves were dry i in most places—must go on but slowly; and if 
as much as six des of this deposit accumulated between 
each visit of the cave-people, this would soon become full of 
the refuse of their feasts and of other remains. 
he flakes occurred throughout, but were mons at 
from two he three feet, and rarest towards the bott 
he ground-down stone implements were foand at the 
following ce the broken, and one of the complete speci- 
mens, at about two-and-a-half feet from the surface (the total 
depth of the deposits being four feet), the other complete 
towards the top or bottom. I suppose that for want of other 
evidence we must consider these last as rejects in the course 
of manufacture, which, had they been satisfactory, would have 
been turned into polished axe-heads or chisels; but in two 
cases their shapes do not seem to lend themselves particularly 
well to the aforesaid purposes. Furthermore, it is curious 
that the two small implements described above, which are only 
polished at their cutting edges, do not show any signs of 
chipping on their rougher parts. Rudely-dressed pear-shaped 
implements might have been used as hammers for smashing 
bones to extract the mafrow, but none of those found showed 
any signs of bruising at their ends, which might, perhaps, 
have been expected, had they been used for this purpose. 
I have remarked above that I discovered several pieces 
of iron-oxide ruddle and some stones which evidently had 
been used for grinding it up for use as paint. The simplest 
type of grinder, and the commonest, was a water-rounded 
pebble of quartz; of these I brought away with me six speci- 
mens. All are deeply stained with the pigment. 
Three other grinding-stones are also water-worn pebbles, 
but are of different shapes and material, and have evidently 
. As the shelters at Lenggong i in Upper Perak are by the Negritos. 
2 Vide infra my remarks on the inhabitation of the Kota Rawa and 
other caves by the Sakai-jakun of the Tekam River. 
