46 Journal of the F.M.S. Museums. [Vor. IX, 
Not being satisfied with any of these sites for digging 
purposes, I determined to make another inspection of Kota 
Tongkat, and eventually pitched upon some rock-shelters at 
the mouth of a small dark grotto close to the maincave, The 
roof at the entrance of this cave was blackened by smoke, 
and ashes on the floors of the shelters showed that they had 
been used as dwellings at a fairly recent date. 
Unfortunately excavation in these shelters, which yielded 
the best results, were not begun until the last day of my stay, 
and, as coolies for carrying baggage were difficult to obtain, I 
did not think it wise to cancel my arrangements. One day’s 
work with lazy diggers did not, of course, suffice to. excavate 
a large part of the ground, but we obtained several interest- 
ing specimens, The total depth of the deposits overlying 
bedrock in the shelters was from three-and-a-half to four feet. 
The first six inches from the surface consisted of recent ashes 
of fires, containing a few fragments of bones. In the soil 
underlying the ashes, we found numbers of pieces of rough pot- 
tery, flakes, shells of mollusca (species of Melania and Unio (?)), 
a few mammalian bones, the chela of a crab,! a stone which 
had been used for polishing or sharpening; four small pieces 
of polished stone, presumably parts of implements: and two 
roughly-dressed stones, which I take to be partly manufactured 
axe-heads. 
Let us now consider the finds from the Kota Tongkat 
and from these shelters in detail. 
The 
In the shelters, flakes were found from a depth of six inches 
below the surface to the bottom of the deposit. In Kota 
Tongkat itself they were present from close under the surface 
to almost the bottom of the deposits. 
I have not mentioned hitherto that in the Kota Tongkat 
we found that the soil containing remains left by cave- 
dwellers extended to a depth of three feet six inches, while 
between this and the solid rock was a layer of large snail-shells 
from about four to six inches in thickness. I cannot account 
for the presence of these. 
he pieces of polished stone are all of very fine-grained 
rock, perhaps chert. Two of them are dark grey in colour, 
one, which exhibits a bulb of percussion, being a thin flake 
struck from the face of a polished stone by human agency. 
other two pieces, one of which also shows a bulb, are pale 
grey, the piece with the bulb being the lighter coloured of 
the two. All four pieces are resistant to the corrosive action 
! A marine species ? 
