48 Journal of the F.M.S. Museums. [Vou. TX, 
tending to establish the ages of deposits of different districts 
in relation to one another, and to fix the age of those which 
seem to be the earliest of them, may, perhaps, not be out of 
lace. We have to consider then, objects from caves or shel- 
ters from the following neighbourhoods: Gunong Cheroh, near 
Ipoh in the Kinta District of Perak; Lenggong in Upper 
Perak; Gunong Kurau, in the Larut District of Perak; 
Gunong Sennyum in the Temerloh District of Pahang; and 
Kota Tongkat in the Lipis District of the last named State. 
The caves and shelters in Gunong Cheroh were explored by 
Mr. L, Wray, the other localities by myself. 
Except in the case of the deposits at Gunong Cheroh, 
none of those which have so far been examined have exceeded 
four-and-a-half feet in depth. A point that is of some import- 
afice in estimating the age of relics from the caves is that all 
the remains of animals which have been found up to the. pre- 
sent appear to be those of extant species: presumably, there- 
fore, the deposits are quite recent in the geological sense of 
the word. The stories which are current that certain abo- 
riginal tribes still use stone implements, incline me to believe 
that they are comparatively recent in the more ordinary sense 
of the word. From the presence of iron implements, Chinese 
porcelain and an East India Company’s coin in the floor of 
the rock-shelter at Batu Kurau, I do not think that there can 
be much doubt that these deposits, not counting surface de- 
posits at Gunong Sennyum and Kota Tongkat, are the most 
modern of all, and, probably not more than seventy to a hun- 
dred years old. 
Having dealt with the objects from Batu Kurau, let us 
now compare the articles from other localities and see if we 
can show any reasons for thinking that any of them may be 
contemporaneous, or that one is older than the others. 
Ruddle, which I have never seen in use among present- 
day aborigines,! was found in all the caves and shelters on 
my list, with the exception of that at Gunong Kurau. The 
same holds good of grinding-stones stained with this pigment. 
Polished stone implements, or parts of them, were 
found in all the localities with the exception of Lenggong. 
1 They ger tert use the juices of plants, lime tm 1 ] 
their bodies. Skeat (Pagan —— vol. II, p. 37), in speaking o sand es int 
among the Semang, says that ¢ pigment cpeaned | from the wild ‘‘saf- 
fron”’ or ‘‘turmeric ” is conve rok (by mixing with lime) into a sort of burnt 
ished by Vau ughan-Stevens, for. as Skeat says (Ibid., P. 47): - Vaughan-Ste- 
escribes it, somew: P red 
earth ”—this i in reference to some ‘pigment used before anatto, * a modern 
introdu ction,” _Haem atite is in use for 
Oo 
Py D, = 1 oe 1 ao 
