1920. ] R. O. WinstEDT: Family Relationships. 113 
aunts and uncles-in-law one has not the brothers and 
sisters of one’s bride’s father, but those of her mother mintua 
sanak tbu, 
Minangkabau opps Snea no descent orselationship 
through males, but i a term for the relationship of a 
father and a father’ Ss ere 6 that of father’s children. It 
calls them orang babako (Mal. bérbaka). This nomenclature 
survives in the phrase saka baka used to express the origin of 
a person on both sides; saka describing the maternal, and 
baka the paternal side. 
In Negri Sembilan the terms of relationship employed 
by the endogamous Malays of the other peninsular states are 
used to express relationship onthe paternal side. ‘The chil- 
dren of a man’s sister! in Negri Sembilan are his anak buah, 
a phrase descriptive of descendants in the male line elsewhere 
but under the matriarchal constitution applied to a sister’s 
children, because they alone are of the brother’s own tribe: 
the children of a man’s brother, a tie of relationship that did 
not concern the oid matriarchy, are his anak saudara his 
nephews and nieces in our sense of the word but nothing to 
him, seeing that they belong to their mother’s tribe, a different _ 
tribe altogether. A maternal aunt is émak sanak ibu : 
a paternal émak saudara. A maternal grand-aunt is wan 
sanak ibu; a maternal or paternal grandmother and paternal 
grand-aunts are simply wan. No distinction is drawn between 
uncles’ ;: and both one’s mother’s brothers and one’s father’s 
brothers are bapa saudara or loosely bapa. Grandfathers* 
and grand-uncles, paternal and maternal, are all to aki. 
Cousins on the male side are (saudara) diri bapa, as dis- 
tinguished from anak sanak tbu those on one’s mother’s side. 
Kadim, an Arabic word, is used to denote close relationship 
alike on the distaff and on the male side. 
With his passion for family trees, the Minangkabau 
Malay never omits to allude to any relationship established 
by marriage. Jar is used of brother or sister-in-law on either 
side, that is, equally of brothers and sisters of the wife and of 
brothers and sisters of the husband: tpar kadim means a 
wife’s or husband’s full brother or sister; ipar duai, a 
husband’s or wife’s cousins; abang ipar means a brother-in- 
law older than self; kakak itpar, a sister-in-law older than 
self; and adek ipar, a sister or brother-in-law younger than 
self. The relationship between two men who have married 
sisters or two women who have married brothers’ is known 
| Kamanakan enemas © other descendants in the female line are his 
Kamanakan, or if remote his anak buah: he is their mamak. 
; Mandeh. ’ Maternal uncle=mama. 
4 Maternal grand-uncle=mamak tuo a mamak gatk, remoter 
— ninek oe mamak moyang, mamak poy 
5 The ieee of a man’s mother are his wite's andan; and his more 
— female tions his samandan in Minangkab: 
© Pamboyen. Wi 
