XXXV. A ROCK-SHELTER AT GUNONG PONDOK, 
By Ivor H. N. Evans, M.A. 
(Plates XXV—XXVI]). 
The objects described in this paper were obtained from 
a rock-shelter in Gunong Pondok, the magnificent limestone- 
marble hill which is seen from the railway at Padang Rengas 
station and while the train is ascending the southern side of 
Bukit Berapit Pass. Excavation of the site was carried out 
by Mr. W. M. Gordon (Temporary Assistant, F.M.S. Museums) 
in the latter part of 1gar. 
The shelter in questioz, the Gua Kerbau (butfaloes’ 
cave) lies at the base of the hill and not far to the right of 
the quarry, as it is approached from the railway station. 
The ground slopes away from the shelter, which is about 150 
feet in length with an overhang of rock of some 15’ to 25’, 
and a short distance below becomes marshy and, in wet wea- 
ther, flooded. I visited the excavations on three occasions 
and thus, apart from the specimens collected, know something 
of them from my own observations. Two large pits were 
dug and, in the first of these, excavations were stopped owing 
to bed-rock being encountered at a depth of fourteen feet: in 
the second excavation a depth of ten feet had been reached 
when digging was abandoned. 
mains due to human occupation were common 
throughout the deposits, which were generally of powdery 
light-brown earth containing a good deal of lime. There 
seemed to be no strata referable to different cultures and, in 
the main, objects found near the surface were paralleled by 
those from the middle and lower parts of the pits. 
Many bones and teeth of animals were unearthed— 
remnants of the cave-dwellers feasts—and these all appear 
to be those of extant species. Among them I have been 
able to identify teeth or bones of the following : elephant 
(teeth), se fae (teeth), deer (fragments of antlers), pig 
(tusk and teeth and soft-shelle (pieces of carapace, etc.). 
The subject of "these remains will, however, probably be 
dealt with in a separate paper. Nearly all ‘the bones are 
much broken, as I have observed in the case of similar relics 
from other Peninsular rock-shelters and caves. The frac- 
tures were probably made in order to extract the marrow. A 
proportion of the bones are blackened by fire. 
Shells of a species of Melania and of a fresh-water 
mussel (Unio sp.) were common throughout the deposits and 
a considerable number of marine shells were also encountered, 
the most remarkable being some belonging to a species of 
