The Shrubs of North Carolina 11 



1. Swamp Rose. (Rosa Carolina, Linn.) — This is from 3 to 

 6 feet high, is generally confined to low damp grounds, and has 

 stout, hooked prickles. 



2. Wild or Dwarf Rose. (R. lucida, Ehrh.) — Generally pre- 

 fers dry soils, and is found in all the Districts. It is about half 

 the size of No. 1, has the leaves shining on the upper side, and has 

 straight prickles, which will distinguish it from the preceding. 



3. Sweet Brier. (R. rubiginosa, Linn.) — Extensively natu- 

 ralized along roads and about settlements, especially in the 

 Middle District, and easily recognized by the pleasant fragrance 

 derived from the rusty colored glands on the underside of the 

 leaves. This is sometimes known as the Eglantine. 



4. Cherokee Rose. (R. laevigata, Michx.i) — Cultivated in the 

 Lower and Middle Districts, often trained over fences, and, if 

 well managed, serves well for hedging. It is remarkable for its 

 smooth, dark, evergreen leaves and white single flowers. It is 

 singular that the native region of this Rose is unknown. 



1. Elder. (Sambucus Canadensis, Linn.) — There is no por- 

 tion of the State, except the higher parts of the Mountains, where 

 this shrub is not found. Its leaves are smooth and its berries 

 dark purple. The inner bark is of popular use in ointments for 

 sores. An infusion of the leaves is sometimes used for expelling 

 insects from vines, &c. An infusion of the dried flowers is a 

 domestic remedy for colds. The ripe berries afford a delicate test 

 for detecting acids and alkalies. 



2. Red-Berried Elder. (S. pubens, Michx.) — Grows only on 

 the higher Mountains above the range of the preceding, from 

 which it is at once distinguished by its red berries and the downy 

 underside of its leaves. It belongs chiefly to a high latitude. 



1. Black Haw. (Viburnum prunifolium, Linn.) — Common 

 in rather dry rich soils from the coast to the lower part of the 

 Upper District, 8 to 15 feet high, handsome when in flower. The 

 blossoms are small, white, in flat clusters, which are two or three 

 inches broad, and destitute of a common stem. The leaves, 1 or 

 2 inches long, are smooth and shining above. The fruit is about 

 half an inch long, bluish-black, sweetish and eatable. 



2. Possum Haw. (V. nudum, Linn.) — Has a similar range 

 with No. 1, and grows in cold swampy grounds, 6 to 12 feet high. 

 The flower-clusters in this are supported on a short common- 

 stem. The leaves are larger and of thicker texture than in the 

 former, dull green above, and covered with rusty scales beneath. 

 The fruit is a deep blue. In the Mountains I have heard this 

 called Shawnee Haw. 



