6 The Shrubs of North Carolina 



should be remembered that none answers well if left at random 

 to an upward growth, and is not well laid and so regularly trim- 

 med or cut in as to take a lateral growth and to branch freely- 

 near the ground. 



5. Black Thorn. (C. tomentosa, Linn.)— A shrub or small 

 tree in the Middle and Upper Districts, with large clusters of 

 flowers, which are % inch or more broad, and a round or pear- 

 shaped, edible fruit, which is orange-red and about % inch long. 

 The leaves are 3 to 5 inches long, of an oval or oblong form, finely 

 toothed and sometimes cut at the summit, somewhat hairy on 

 the underside, and more or less furrowed along the veins above. 



There is a form of this (var : punctata, Gray) very common on 

 the tops of our mountains, with the leaves smaller, more nar- 

 rowed towards the base, and the furrows on the upper surface 

 deeper, and the veins more prominent beneath. The fruit is 

 round, yellowish or dull red, sprinkled with whitish dots. 



6. Narrow-Leaved Thorn. (C. spathulata, Michx.) — Not un- 

 common in the Lower and Middle Districts, 10 to 15 feet high, 

 with quite small flowers and fruit, but rather ornamental. The 

 leaves are smooth and shining, 1/2 to IV2 inch long, 14 to 1/2 inch 

 wide, toothed at the upper end and tapering from near the top 

 down to the stem. The fruit is red and in numerous clusters, 



7. Summer Haw. (C. flava, Ait.) — A small tree 15 to 20 feet 

 high, in sandy woods, with fruit 1/2 to % inch thick, pear-shaped, 

 and greenish-yellow. The leaves are 2 to 3 inches long, wedge- 

 shaped, the lower part tapering into a short stem with small dark 

 glands on the edges. The flowers but from 2 to 5 in a cluster. 



8. Hairy Thorn. (C. glandulosa, Michx.) — A small tree with 

 coarse bark and spreading branches, and the leaves, branchlets 

 and flower stems covered with soft hairs, especially when young. 

 The leaves are about 1 inch long, rather thickish, wedge-shaped, 

 the edges generally dotted with dark glands. The fruit is small, 

 round, and red. The flowers are 3 to 6 in a cluster. 



9. Dwarf Thorn. (C. parvifolia, Ait.) — A small shrub 2 to 

 5 feet high, very common in sandy woods throughout the Lower 

 and Middle Districts, and with a whitish down on most of its 

 parts. The leaves are % to l 1 /? inch long, broad, wedge-shaped, 

 toothed, with hardly any stem. Flowers solitary, or 2 or 3 to- 

 gether. Fruit round or pear-shaped, greenish-yellow, rather 

 large and dry. 



Barberry. (Berberi-s Canadensis, Pursh.) — Found in Lincoln, 

 thence westward, especially in Buncombe, Haywood and Macon 

 Counties. It is not known to exist north of Virginia, and is the 

 only native Barberry in the United States. The European species 



