RAVEN. 149 
and Siberia, except within the arctic circle ;* and all through 
Kurope. Kolben enumerates the raven among the birds of the 
Cape of Good Hope ;} De Grandpré represents it as numerous 
in Bengal, where they are said to be protected for their use- 
fulness ;{ and the unfortunate La Pérouse saw them at Baie 
de Castries, on the east coast of Tartary, likewise at Port des 
Francois, 58° 37’ north latitude, and 139° 50’ west. longitude; 
and at Monterey Bay, North California.¢ The English cir- 
cumnavigators met with them at Nootka Sound, || and at the 
Sandwich Islands, two being seen in the village of Kakooa ; 
also at Owhyhee, and supposed to be adored there, as they 
were called Eatooas.4 Our intrepid American travellers, 
under the command of Lewis and Clark, shortly after they 
embarked on the Columbia river, saw abundance of ravens, 
which were attracted thither by the immense quantity of dead 
salmon which lined the shores.** ‘They are found at all sea- 
sons at Hudson’s Bay ;}f are frequent in Mexico; {{ and it is 
more than probable that they inhabit the whole continent of 
America. : 
The raven measures, from the tip of the bill to the end of 
the tail, twenty-six inches, and is four feet in extent; the bill 
is large and strong, of a shining black, notched near the tip, 
and three inches long ; the setaceous feathers which cover the 
nostrils extend half its length; the eyes are black; the gen- 
eral colour is a deep glossy black, with steel-blue reflections ; 
the lower parts are less glossy ; the tail is rounded, and ex- 
tends about two inches beyond the wings; the legs are two 
inches and a half in length, and, with the feet, are strong and 
black ; the claws are long. 
This bird is said to attain to a great age; and its plumage 
* Latham. 7+ Medley’s Kolben, ii. p. 136. 
£ Voy. in the Indian Ocean, p. 148. 
§ Voy. par J. F. G. de la Pérouse, i. p. 129, 203, 443, 
i| Cook’s Last Voy., ii. p. 236, Am. ed. 
J Idem, iii. p. 329. ** Gass’s Journal, p. 153, 
++ Charlevoix ; Kalm ; Hearne’s Journey. t Fernandez. 
