LAPLAND LONGSPUR. 313 
behind which it becomes wider, descending on the sides of the 
neck somewhat round the breast; the belly and vent are 
white ; the flanks posteriorly with long blackish streaks ; the 
back and scapulars are brownish black, the feathers being 
skirted with rusty; the smaller wing-coverts are blackish, 
margined with white; the greater coverts margined with 
rufous, and white at tip, forming two white bands across the 
wings ; the primaries are blackish, edged with white ; second- 
aries emarginated at tip, dusky, edged with rusty ; the wings, 
when closed, reach to three-fourths the tail; the tail is two 
and a half inches in length, rather forked, and of a blackish 
colour ; the outer feather on each side with a white cuneiform 
spot, and the outer web almost entirely white; the second 
with a white cuneiform spot only. The hind nail is almost 
an inch long. 
The adult female is somewhat smaller than the male. In 
spring, she has the top of the head, the shoulders, back, and 
wing-coverts, brownish black, the feathers being edged with 
rusty ; the sides of the head, blackish, intermixed with rusty ; 
over the eyebrows a whitish line, as in the male, tinged with 
rusty; the nucha and rump are brownish rusty, with small 
black spots; the throat is white, encircled with brown ; re- 
maining inferior parts, white; wings and tail as in the other 
sex. 
The male in autumn and winter has the bill brownish 
yellow ; irides and feet, brownish. Head, black, varied with 
small spots of rusty ; auriculars, partly encircled with black 
feathers ; throat, yellowish white, finely streaked with deep 
black. Fore neck and breast, black, mixed with greyish white; 
the line passing through the eye down the breast, yellowish 
white, becoming darker on the breast ; lower surface from the 
breast, white, spotted on the flanks. Wings, deep blackish 
chestnut, crossed by two white lines; primaries on the inside 
at tip, margined with white. ‘Tail, forked, brownish black, all 
the feathers margined with rusty, the two outer with a white 
cuneiform spot at tip. 
