FEMALE WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL. 335 
it affects the densest and most gloomy retreats. ‘The nest is 
placed among the thick foliage of trees, and is constructed of 
twigs outside, and lined with fine grasses within ; the female 
lays four or five white eggs, spotted with brown. This may 
also be called an “ evening grosbeak,” for it also sings during 
the solemn stillness of night, uttering a clear, mellow, and 
harmonious note. 
We have placed this species in our subgenus Coccothraustes. 
It is probably because he laboured under the mistake that all 
the grosbeaks removed from ZLoxta had been placed in Pyrr- 
hula by ''emminck, that Mr Sabine has made it a bullfinch; 
and in truth the bill very much resembles those of that genus, 
so that the species is intermediate between the two. Mr 
Swainson places it, together with the blue grosbeak, Fringilla 
(Ooccothraustes) cwrulea, in a new genus which he calls Gu0- 
raca, but without as yet characterising it. ‘These species have, 
it is true, a bill somewhat different from that of the typical 
Coccothraustes (as may be seen by comparing this with the 
evening grosbeak), being much less thick and turgid, and 
higher than broad ; the upper mandible being larger than the 
lower, and covering its margins entirely, compressed on the 
sides, making the ridge very distinct (not rounded above), 
and curved from the base, but at tip especially ; the margins 
of both are angular. The representation of the bill in Wil- 
son’s plate of the male is remarkably exact. 
FEMALE WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL. (Loxia 
leucoptera.) 
PLATE XV.—Fic. 3. 
See Wilson’s American Ornithology, iv. p. 48, pl. 31, for the young male.—Loxia 
leucoptera, Gmel. Syst. 1. p. 844, sp. 12.—Vieill. Gal. Otis. 1. p. 56, pl. 52, 
young male.—WVob. Obs. sp. 84.—Id. Cat. and Syn. Birds U. S. sp. 195.— 
Loxia falcirostra, Lath. Ind. p. 371, sp. 2.—Le Bec-croisé leucoptére, Sonn. 
Buff. xlvii. p. 65.—Vieill. Nowy. Dict. Hist. Nat. 2d ed. iii. p. 339.—White- 
