352 BOHEMIAN WAXWING. 
coast of European Russia in winter, and is, perhaps, a genuine 
species, easily distinguished from the Cinclus aquaticus by 
having but ten feathers in the tail, whilst all others have 
twelve, in addition to its smaller size, darker colour, and dingy 
throat ; but the former can hardly be regarded even as a 
northern variety produced by climate. Mr Brehm is probably 
quite correct in observing that both his new species are per- 
fectly similar to the old one. 
BOHEMIAN WAXWING. (Bombycilla garrula.) 
PLATE XVI.—Fie. 2. 
Ampelis garrulus, Linn. Syst. i. p. 297, sp. 1.—Gmel. Syst. i. p. 838, sp. 1.—Lath. 
Ind. p. 363, sp. 1.—Muller, p. 30.—Kram. El. p. 363, sp. 1.—Borowsh. Nat. 
iii. p. 171, sp. 68.—MWeyer and Wolf, Tasch. Deutsch. i. p. 204.—Lanius 
garrulus, Faun. Suec. ii. sp. 82.—Scop. Ann. i. sp. 20.—Brunn. sp. 25, 26.— 
Bombyciphora polioccelia, Meyer, Vog. Liv. and Esth. p. 104.—Bombycivora 
garrula, Temm. Man. Orn. i. p. 124.—Selby, Ill. Br. Orn. i. p. 87, pl. 384.— 
Bombyciphora garrula, Brehm, Lehr. Eur. Vog. ii. p. 980.—Bombycilla 
garrula, Vieill. Nouv. Dict.—Nob. Suppl. Syn. Am. Birds in Zool. Journ. 
London, iv. p. 3, sp. 65; bis, Ranz. Elem. Orn. iv. p. 136, sp. 1.—Bombycilla 
Bohemica, Steph. Cont. Shaw's Zool. x. p. 421.—Garrulus, Gesn. Av. p. 
703.—Aldr. Orn. i. p. 796, pl. 798.—Mus. p. 674, pl. 675.—Rari, Syn. p. 85, 
A.—Will. Orn. p. 96, pl. 20.—Alb. Av. ii. p. 25, pl. 26.—Turdus cristatus, 
Wirsing, Vog. pl. 4.—Frisch, pl. 32, fig. 1, male.—Klein, Stenuvm. p. 11, p. 13, 
fig. 5, a-c.—Turdus Bombycilla Bohemica, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 333, sp. 63; 
Id. 8vo, i. p. 250.—Garrulo di Boemia, St degli Uce. ii. pl. 16.—Le Jaseur, 
Buff. Ois. iii. p. 426, pl. 26.—Le Vaill. Ois. Para. i. p. 137, pl. 49.—Le 
Jaseur de Bohéme, Buff. Pl. enl. 261.—Cuv. Regn. Anim. i. p. 349.—Euro- 
paischer Seidenschwanz, Bechst. Nat. Deutschl. iii. p. 410, pl. 34, fig. 1.— 
Rothlichgraver, Seidenschwanz, Wawmn. Vog. pl. 82, fig. 66.—Meyer und 
Wolf, Ois. @Allem. Livr. 22, pl. 6, fig. 1, male; fig. 2, female.—Silk-tail, 
Ray, Syn. p. 85, A.—Phil. Trans. xv. p. 1165, pl. 1, fig. 9.—Bohemian 
Chatterer, Penn. Brit. Zool. sp. 112, pl. 48; Id. fol. 7, pl. 1, c.—Zath. 
Syn. tii. p. 91, sp. 1.— Ubersetz, iu. p. 86, sp. 1.—Bell, Travels, i. p. 98.— 
Flor. Scot. i. sp. 92.—Mont. Orn. Dict.—Lewin, Brit. Birds, i. pl. 2.— 
Bewick, Br. Birds.—Donovan, Br. Birds, i. pl. 11.—Pult. Cat. Dorsetsh. p. 
11.—My Collection. 
BOMBYCILLA GARRULA.—BONAPARTE. 
Bombycilla garrula, Worth. Zool. ii. p. 237. 
Ig the absurd theory advanced by Buffon, that European ani- 
mals degenerate, or become more or less changed, in other 
