630 ME FRANK E. BEDDAED ON THE 



His paper on the subject is reviewed by Leuckart [A 6j. Schlotthauber proposed to 

 alter the name to Georyctes, since the worm lives chiefly in damp soil, and but rarely in 

 water. The species described is regarded as different from Phreoryctes Menkeanus, and 

 is named Georyctes Lichtensteinii. 



Claparede, in one of his memoirs upon Oligochseta [A 2, p. 27 5 J, gave a brief descrip- 

 tion, with illustrations, of a worm, which he termed Nemodrilus filiformis, being 

 evidently unaware of its identity with Phreoryctes. It is perfectly clear, however, from 

 his figure of the head of this worm [A 2, pi. iii. fig. 16], that it agrees with Phreoryctes 

 in the division of the prostomium, and indeed the fact is mentioned in the text. Atten- 

 tion is drawn to the fact that the setae are isolated, and arranged in four rows ; the dorsal 

 setae are stated to be twice as long as the ventral setae, and are figured. The nephri- 

 diopores are placed in front of the ventral setae. 



The earliest paper which gives anything like a complete account of the structure of 

 Phreoryctes Menkeanus is by Leydig [7]. This paper also contains the first description 

 of the genital organs, which are stated to be three pairs of glands situated in segments 

 IX.— XL A fourth pair, however, is figured, as was pointed out by Timm. 



An important contribution to the anatomy of Phreoryctes is that of Timm [A 10]. 

 This naturalist was the first to investigate the worm by the section method, and he was 

 able therefore to add something to Leydig's facts. He confirms the statement of the 

 latter that the gonads are in the IXth, Xth, Xlth, and Xllth setigerous segments {i.e., 

 in the Xth, Xlth, XTIth, and XHIth, as usually reckoned), and describes three pairs of 

 spermathecae in segments VII., VIII., and IX. Timm remarks upon the "Hirudinean" 

 character of the longitudinal muscle fibres, which had been only up to that time de- 

 scribed in the Enchytraeida (by Ratzel) among the Oligochseta. The genus Phreoryctes 

 is treated of by Vejdvosky [A 11] in his System und Morphologie der Oligochceten, pp. 

 48-50, where an account is given of the previous literature of the subject. Vejdovsky 

 describes the species Phreoryctes filiformis which had been already noticed by himself, 

 and which he considers to be the same species as those described by Schlotthauber, 

 Claparede, and Noll. 



Dr F. Noll [A 8] described some specimens of this genus which were collected in the 

 year 1835 at Riidesheim, on the Rhine, by C. von Heyden. The specimens are to be 

 found in the Museum of the Senckenberg Society of Naturalists, labelled Lumbrico- 

 gordius Hartmanni. The name Lumbricogordius is evidently given on account of the 

 view as to the affinities of the genus held by Hoffmeister. Noll names the species 

 Phreoryctes Heydeni ; it was met with by him at St Goar, on the banks of the Rhine. 

 His paper is illustrated by a plate. 



The next contribution to the anatomy of Phreoryctes is by myself [A 1]. 



The paper contains a brief description of the reproductive organs of a new species of 

 the genus which is named after its discoverer, Phreoryctes Smithii. 



Finally, there are two notes by Giard [A 3] upon the occurrrence of Phreoryctes 

 Menkeanus in the north of France, at Douai, and at Boussac (Creux). Giard remarks 



