226 VOYAGE OF INGRAHAM IN THE HOPE. [1791. 



so little satisfied with these results, that some of them sold out their 

 shares to the others, who, determining to persevere in the enter- 

 prise, refitted the Columbia for a new voyage of the same kind. 

 Before her departure, however, the brig Hope, of seventy tons, 

 which had also been equipped for the North Pacific trade, sailed 

 from Boston, under the command of Joseph Ingraham, the former 

 mate of the Columbia ; and these vessels were followed by the 

 Hancock, under Captain Crowel, and the Jefferson, under Captain 

 Roberts, likewise from Boston, and the Margaret, under Captain 

 Magee, from New York. A short notice of Ingraham's voyage will 

 be first presented. 



The brig Hope quitted Boston on the 16th of September, 1790, 

 and, taking the usual course by the Cape Verd Islands and Brazil, 

 she arrived on the 13th of January, 1791, at the entrance of 

 Berkeley Sound, or Port Soledad, in the Falkland Islands, where 

 she found a Spanish establishment on the shore, and a Spanish 

 vessel of war in the harbor.* Ingraham was anxious to visit the 

 establishment, but the commandant was unwilling to allow him to 

 do so, though he furnished him liberally with provisions. Quitting 

 the Falkland Islands, Ingraham doubled Cape Horn, and, on the 

 19th of April, he discovered six islands previously unknown, in the 

 centre of the Pacific Ocean, between the 8th and the 10th parallels 

 of latitude,! to which he gave the names severally of Washington, 

 Adams, Franklin, Knox, Federal, and Lincoln ; and after some days 



* Manuscript journal of the Hope's voyage, written by Ingraham. 



t These islands are situated a little north of the group called the Marquesas de 

 Mendoza, discovered by the Spanish navigator Mendana, in 1595, and about six 

 hundred miles north-east of Otaheite, directly in the course of vessels sailing from 

 Cape Horn to the north-west coast of America, or to China, to which they offer con- 

 venient places for obtaining water and other refreshments. They were not seen by 

 Cook, who visited the Marquesas in 1774 ; nor does any notice of them appear on 

 any chart or account of earlier date than 1791, when they were discovered by Ingra- 

 ham, as above stated. They were afterwards seen successively, on the 21st of June, 

 1791, by Marchand, in the French ship Solide, who named them lies de la Revolu- 

 tion; on the 30th of June, 1792, by Hergest, in the British brig Dsedalus, after whom 

 Vancouver called them Hergest' s Islands, though he was well aware of their previous 

 discovery by Ingraham ; and on the 6th of March, 1793, by Roberts, in the Jefferson, 

 from Boston, who bestowed on them the name of Washington's Islands. The earliest 

 notice of them was published in the form of an extract from Ingraham's Journal, in 

 the Massachusetts Historical Collection, at Boston, in 1793 : the volume of the same 

 work, for 1795, contains Roberts's account of his visit, after which appeared, in suc- 

 cession, the accounts of Hergest in Vancouver's Journal, and of Marchand ; and 

 they have since been visited and described by Krusenstern, Lisiansky, Langsdorf, 

 Porter, Belcher, "Wilkes, and other navigators. Porter, during his cruise in the Pacific, 

 in the Essex, in 1813, remained some time at Nooahivah, the largest of the islands. 

 The recent occupation of this group by the French is well known. 



