K] proofs and illustrations. 479 



Art. 2. With the view of preventing the rights of navigation and of 

 fishing, exercised upon the great ocean by the citizens and subjects of 

 the high contracting powers, from becoming the pretext for an illicit 

 trade, it is agreed that the citizens of the United States shall not resort to 

 any point where there is a Russian establishment, without the permission 

 of the governor or commander ; and that, reciprocally, the subjects of 

 Russia shall not resort, without permission, to any establishment of the 

 United States upon the north-west coast. 



Art. 3. It is, moreover, agreed that hereafter there shall not be 

 formed by the citizens of the United States, or under the authority of the 

 said States, any establishment upon the north-west coast of America, nor 

 in any of the islands adjacent, to the north of 54 degrees and 40 minutes 

 of north latitude ; and that, in the same manner, there shall be none 

 formed by Russian subjects, or under the authority of Russia, south of 

 the same parallel. 



Art. 4. It is, nevertheless, understood that, during a term of ten 

 years, counting from the signature of the present convention, the ships of 

 both powers, or which belong to their citizens or subjects, respectively, 

 may reciprocally frequent, without any hinderance whatever, the interior 

 seas, gulfs, harbors, and creeks, upon the coast mentioned in the pre- 

 ceding article, for the purpose of fishing and trading with the natives 

 of the country. 



Art. 5. All spirituous liquors, fire-arms, other arms, powder, and 

 munitions of war of every kind, are always excepted from this same com- 

 merce permitted by the preceding article; and the two powers engage, 

 reciprocally, neither to sell, nor suffer them to be sold, to the natives, by 

 their respective citizens and subjects, nor by any person who may be 

 under their authority. It is likewise stipulated, that this restriction shall 

 never afford a pretext, nor be advanced, in any case, to authorize either 

 search or detention of the vessels, seizure of the merchandise, or, in fine, 

 any measures of constraint whatever, towards the merchants or the crews 

 who may carry on this commerce ; the high contracting powers recipro- 

 cally reserving to themselves to determine upon the penalties to be 

 incurred, and to inflict the punishments in case of the contravention of 

 this article by their respective citizens or subjects. 



( 5.) 



Convention between Great Britain and Russia, signed at St. Peters- 

 burg, February J-f , 1825. 



Article 1. It is agreed that the respective subjects of the high con- 

 tracting parties shall not be troubled or molested in any part of the ocean 

 commonly called the Pacific Ocean, either in navigating the same, in 

 fishing therein, or in landing at such parts of the coast as shall not have 

 been already occupied, in order to trade with the natives, under the 

 restrictions and conditions specified in the following articles. 



Art. 2. In order to prevent the right of navigating and fishing, exer- 

 cised upon the ocean by the subjects of the high contracting parties, from 

 becoming the pretext for an illicit commerce, it is agreed that the subjects 



