OSTEOLOGY OF THE ABMOKED DINOSATJKIA. 123 



furnished by the S. stenops skeleton as to the existence of two parallel rows of 14 

 dermal plates, Marsh placed the series in a single row of 12 along the median line 

 of the neck, back, and tail, with four pair of spines near the end of the tail. 



In 1893 * the Rev. H. N". Hutchinson published the first life restoration by 

 T. Smit, shown in plate 32, lower figure. It was evidently based upon Marsh's res- 

 toration, as indicated by the position, shape, and arrangement of the armor, although 

 the tail spines were reduced by the artist to slender pin-like affairs, occupying a 

 nearly vertical position. The pose was changed from an upright quadrupedal gait 

 to that of a bent-limbed, crawling reptile of the crocodile type. This attitude is 

 opposed to all of the generally accepted ideas of the normal mode of locomotion 

 of this animal. 



The restoration shown in plate 33, upper figure, published for the first time, was 

 drawn by Mr- Frank Bond, in 1S99, under the direction of the late Prof. W. C. Knight 

 of the University of Wyoming. It is of interest as showing the plates arranged in 

 pror.nmbpnt, positions, a view not alone held by Knight. All of the evidence, how- 

 ever, is opposed to such an arrangement of the armor. 



In 1901 2 Lucas published the next restoration (pi. 33, lower figure), a painting 

 by Mr. Charles R. Knight. This was the first to show the plates arranged in pairs. 

 In the same year a second restoration (pi. 34, upper figure) was made by Mr. G. E. 

 Roberts, under the direction of Mr. Lucas, and the first showing the alternation of 

 the plates of opposite rows, and the reduction of the tail spines from four to two 

 pairs. The proportions here shown are extremely bad, the body being too long, and 

 the linibs especially crude in form and pose. The only use made of this restoration, 

 so far as I am able to learn, was in a popular magazine article by Mr. R. I. Geare. 3 



In 1903 a statuette (pi. 34, lower figure) was prepared by Knight under the 

 direction of Lucas, in which the arrangement of the armor is practically the same as in 

 the previous restoration by Roberts, although the inaccurate proportions of the body 

 and linibs were corrected. From this small model a life-size restoration was made 

 and formed a part of the exhibit at the World's Fair held in St. Louis in 1904. It 

 is now displayed in the hall of fossil vertebrates in the United States National 

 Museum. Although according to our present knowledge it is now known to be 

 inaccurate in several details, yet, taken all in all, it probably comes nearer the 

 truth than any representation yet produced. 



In 1905 Lankester 4 published the restoration of Stegosaurus shown in plate 35, 

 lower figure, and was the first to depict the animal with a color pattern of irregularly 

 rounded black spots upon a lighter body color. The hooked raptorial bird-like beak, 

 the puffed-up proportions of the body, and the increased number (10) of dermal spines 

 are without warrant. In fact, there is but little to commend in it. It may be of 

 interest to know, however, that Sir Arthur Conan Doyle used this restoration as 

 an illustration in his story of The Lost World. 



A second restoration 5 by Smit is shown in plate 35, upper figure. In this 

 representation there was a return to the upright quadrupedal pose (compare pis. 32, 



i Extinct Monsters, 1893, 2d ed., pi. 10. 



2 Animals of the Past, 1901, fig. 24, Smithsonian Report, 1901, pi. 4. 



3 Outdoor Life, July, 1910, p. 6. 



> Extinct Animals, 1905, p. 208, fig. 150. 



5 H. N. Hutchinson, from a revised edition, 1911, of Extinct Monsters and Creatures of Other Days, pi. 26. 



