INDIAN PIPES. 35 



so small a quantity suffices to produce the full narcotic 

 effects of the favourite weed. They would rather seem 

 to confirm the indications derived from other sources, 

 of an essential difference between the ancient smoking 

 usages of Central America and of the mound-builders, 

 and those which are still maintained in their primeval 

 integrity among the Indians of the Norih West. 



" Great variety of form and material distinguishes the 

 pipes of the modern Indians : arising in part from the 

 local facilities they possess for a suitable material from 

 which to construct them ; and in part also from the 

 special style of art and decoration which has become 

 the traditional usage of the tribe. The favourite red 

 pipe-stone of the Coteau cles Prairies, has been 

 generally sought after, both from its easiness of 

 working and the beauty of its appearance. * * * A pipe 

 of this favourite and beautiful material, found on the 

 shores of Lake Simcoe, and now in my possession, 

 measures five inches and three-quarters in length, and 

 nearly four inches in greatest breadth, yet the capacity 

 of the bowl hollowed in it for the reception of tobacco 

 is even less than in the smallest of the * Elfin Pipes.' 

 In contrast to this, a modern Winnebago pipe recently 

 acquired by me, made of the same red pipe stone, 

 inlaid with lead, and executed with ingenious skill, has 

 a bowl of large dimensions illustrative of Indian 

 smoking usages modified by the influence of the white 

 man. From the' red pipe-stone, as well as from lime- 

 stone and other harder rocks, the Chippeways, the 

 Winnebagos, and the Siouxs, frequently make a 



