OLD ENGLISH PIPES. 169 



to smell tOj and chaw, which took away my appre- 

 hension." 



The larger number of pipes discovered in and about 

 London, belong to this era. Mr. Crofton Croker had 

 come to similar conclusions, and he says " the reason 

 why so many of the barrel-shaped pipes (Figs. 3 and 5, 

 p. 163) are found is obvious. I need hardly say I allude 

 to the increased use of tobacco as a disinfectant during 

 the plague years of 164-1 and 1666. Very many such 

 were found in 1825, at Battle Bridge, London, where 

 it is traditionally said the persons who died of the 

 plague were buried." The places where the Dutch 

 troops of William were stationed also produce evi- 

 dences of their occupancy in pipes of the forms here 



engraved, and which continued to be a favourite till 

 the middle of the last century. 



Before dismissing the old English pipe, we must 

 devote a few words to the marks found upon their 

 bases. We have given one example of a hand thus 

 impressed ; sometimes a star or other mark is found, 

 at other times the initials of the maker's name, after 



