TOBACCO MONOPOLIES. 323 



the year 1856 exceeded that of England, which is set 

 down at £5,220,388." 



A good idea of the number of cigars smoked in a 

 cigar-smoking country, may be obtained, from the 

 returns published by the Austrian Government. They 

 are there an Imperial monopoly ; the consumption is 

 about a thousand millions yearly ; of this number 

 Vienna alone consumes fifty-two millions. During 

 the last ten years, the use of cigars has increased 

 one hundred per cent., and that of tobacco for pipes, 

 proportionably diminished. In Hamburgh, where 

 the population is only one-third of that of Vienna, 

 the yearly consumption of cigars is estimated at 

 14,600,000. Eome has the fewest tobacco-shops of 

 any large capital. 



In the Journal of the Statistical Society vol. xvi. is 

 given the following table of the increased consumption 

 of tobacco in England, in a series of ten years : — 





Consumption. 



Duty. 



Population. 



Consumption 

 per head. 





lbs. 



per lb. 





oz. 



1 9 21 ... 



... 15,598,152 ... 



... 4s. 0d. .. 



. .. 21,282,960 .. 



.... 11-71 



1831 ... 



... 19,533,841 ... 



... 3 ... 



... 24,410,439 .. 



.... 12-80 



1841 ... 



... 22,309,360 ... 



... 3 0* ... 



... 27,019,672 .. 



.... 13-21 



1851 ... 



... 28,062,841 ... 



... 3 0* ... 



... 27,452,692 .. 



.... 16-86 



The advantage of a customs duty over government 

 monopoly and home production under licence, is made 

 plain enough by comparing our own tobacco revenue 

 with that of France, with seven millions more inhabi- 

 tants, and more general consumers. In 1849 the 



* With an additional 5 per cent, on duty. 



