COFFEE PLANTERS’ MANUAL. 19 
germinate the seed. Under such circumstances where 
it succeeds, and it often does succeed, it is the cheap- 
est kind of nursery. Care should be taken, however, 
to cover the seedlings with some light shade, when 
a course of dry hot weather sets in, before they have 
aequired sufficient strength to withstand the grilling 
effects of a tropicalsun. Where the planter has had 
no time to make a nursery before his planting began, 
or where from any cause he has not a nursery of his 
own, he may purchase from a neighbour, if he have 
one, who can spare plants, at about 8s. to 10s. per 
1,000 plants fit for putting out, or he may buy from 
the villages. In this last case they are generally 
planted out as stumps, 7.e., the top is cut off and 
the roots trimmed in both tap and lateral, so that 
they are much more easily planted out than nursery 
plants. In dry weather too they are more hardy, 
and will endure a long course of it without being 
injured ; on the other hand they are slower of growth. 
But after they have fairly made a start they grow 
very fast, frequently overtaking nursery plants put 
out at the same time. As a rule, however, given an 
ordinarily favourable season, I would always prefer 
nursery plants to stumps: while, if the weather were 
doubtful or dry, 1 would put out stumps. A course 
of wet weather after planting will often kill out stumps, 
while it is the very life of plants. The reason vil- 
lage plants are generally stumped before being planted 
out is, because, having been reared in the shade, they 
are apt to sicken and die when exposed to the full 
blaze of the sun. They are besides of all ages; and 
old ones do not grow so readily as the young. Many 
of the old too are black-hearted, or injured in the 
roots, which the stumping discovers, enabling the 
planter to discard such as are diseased. Whenever 
practicable, however, I recommend the planter to have 
. his own. nursery. It is much cheaper than buying 
plants. It makes him independent of foreign aid, and 
it ensures him a supply of sound and healthy plants 
by the time he wants them. 
Weli, we have now Felled our Land, Cleared it in 
the way we have approved, Planted it out with Nurse- 
ry or Village Plants or Stumps,—what, asks the 
tyro, are we to do next? Your heavy work is now 
over, your firldis clear, and you can leok about you 
for sites of PERMANENT BuiLpines. We shall suppose 
that up to this time you have been residing either 
with a neighbour or in a temporary hut erected on 
the outskirts of your land, far enough removed from 
your clearing to avoid the risk of its being carried 
away by your fire at the burning. Such has happened 
occasionally, from the want of a little forethought on 
