50 COFFEE PLANTERS’ MANUAL. 
of a square to place against the rope. Bad lining after 
an estate is formed cannot be remedied, and therefore care 
is amply repaid ; good lining both adds much to appear- 
ance and aids the future working of the property. 
Roabs.—Have two sets of pegs, the one four, the 
other fifteen inches in length. The position ascer- 
tained by the tracer, drive one of the short pegs 
flush with the surtace, and a large one close beside 
to mark it; and so proceed. Inside of these, mea- 
sure and line off the road at any breadth agreed upon, 
making allowance for depth of bank, and cut down to 
the level of the short pegs. : 
MANURING is no doubt a different kind of thing on 
old and worn estates from what it is on new or com- 
paratively young places. From the former, after many 
years of cropping, some of the most important ele- 
ments that go to compose the coffee tree and the coffee 
bean have doubtless been extracted to a much greater 
extent than can have been added by any system of 
manuring hitherto practised. Such soils, therefore, re- 
quire to be made up. New estates or those but little 
worn may have parted with only a few of those ele- 
ments which have been exhausted on the older lands. 
A mere ‘fig-up,’ so to speak, may be all they require ; 
and a pinch of Sombreorum or a few ounces of Bones, 
Poonac, or Superphosphate, may supply the desider- 
atum for a time. Even on new lands, however, these 
very stimulating manures should be used with cau- 
tion and not alone. Mix them with some bulky sub- 
stance, such as ravine soil, decayed cattle manure, 
jungle soil, rotten wood, leaves, grass, or vegetable 
matter of any description. You will thus add sub- 
stance to the soil as well as a stimulant. Mana grass. 
both buried and laid on the surface has been found 
very effectual; as a manure sprinkled over with a 
little sal-ammoniac it soon decays. If placed in layers 
in a pit 6 to 10 feet deep, each layer sprinkled with 
sal-ammoniac in a liquid state, it will be fit for ap- 
plying in about four months, when if it has been 
kept covered up, it can be cut up with the mamoty 
like cheese. If the pulp water has been allowed to 
run over it in the pit, it assists its decay and im- 
proves the compost greatly. 
A very good mixture is : 
5 oz. Bones 
8 oz. Poonac 
4 seers pulp or jungle or ravine 
soil or decomposed cattle dung 
applied to each tree. 
Another good mixture where the trees are in robust 
health is as follows :— 
