MANURING COFFEE. 203 
‘with this superphosphate which contains, per 1,000 
parts, water 160°00, phosphoric acid 160-00, hme 210-00; 
and also Peruvian guano, water 140-00, nitrogen 125:00, 
phosphoric acid 137-00, potash 16°00, and lime 120°0U. 
We should like to quote further from the analyses 
of plants and manures given, but we must refrain. 
“Our readers can see that, whatever value cattle manure 
possesses in bulk and solvent effects, that value must 
be enormously increased by the addition to it of 
nitrogenous and mineral matter, such as is contained 
in M. Ville’s normal manure. If only cattle manure 
can be produced cheaply we are stiil inclined 
to the belief that a mixture of this substance and 
artificial manures well distributed in the soil is 
the perfection of manuring. But, if the question is 
between farm-yard manure and chemical manures, the 
ease for the latter in greater yield and larger profit 
seems complete. Here the question of the cost of im- 
ported substances is and will be a serious one uniil 
railway facilities are extended. The evidence adduced 
by M. Ville in favour of the liberal use of chemical 
manures is simply overwhelming. We ought specially 
to mention however, that he is a firm believer in divid- 
ing the manures, instead of applying the whole at 
one time. He would, no doubt, tell « coffee planter 
that a moderate application once a year is better than 
a large supply once in two or three years. In deal- 
ing with the supply of ammonia M. Ville says large 
quantities could be obtained if, instead of burning 
coke in the open air, the operation were carried on 
in closed furnaces. In gasworks we suppose what he 
desiderates is done? M. Ville really goes the iength 
of asserting that, no matter how poor a soil is, he 
can work it profitably with the aid of his normal 
manure of four constituents! To quote :— 
‘*« Experience shews, therefore, that the four ingred- 
dent:,—nitrogenous matter, phosphate, potash and 
- lime are the only ones that need be admitted inte 
manures. ; 
** For myself I have never found any natural earths 
in which, with the help of these four substances, it was 
not possible to obtain a yield comparable to that ob- 
tained in the most favoured soils. 
** This result is possible because the poorest soils are 
\provided with the seven mineral ingredients excluded 
from normal manure, whilst it is not necessary to 
furnish carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, as the plants 
receive these elements from the atmosphere.” 
If only, therefore, the proprietor of a piece of poor 
land can, at a moderate cost, obtain and apply abund- 
ance of the normal manure, he can soon place his pro- 
