1890.] History of Garden Vegetables. 641 
I find of its use as a vegetable is by Townsend™ in 1726, who 
says “the cods are eaten sometimes like other kidney beans,” and 
Stevenson,’ in 1765, gives directions for kitchen-garden culture. 
In America, in 1806,'% it was cultivated exclusively for orna- 
ment, and first appears in the vegetable garden about 1819.7 
At the present time five varieties are given by Vilmorin, but one 
of these, the black, I have neither seen nor found recorded for 
American gardens, and the hybrid is not clearly described. 
The synonymy of the different varieties is as below: 
I. Phaseolus flore coccineo. Ray, 1686, I., 884. 
P. multiflorus coccineus. Lam. ex Martens, n. 123. 
Large Scarlet Climber. Mawe, 1778. 
Haricot d' Espagne rouge. Vilm., 1883, 276. 
Scarlet Runner. N. Y. Agr. Exp. Sta. Rept., 1883, n. 56; 
1874, n. 89. 
IL Faseolus puniceo flore. Cornutus, 1635, 184. 
Phaseolus indicus flore miniato, semine nigro. Titius, 1654, ex 
Mart. 
P. multiflorus niger. Martens, 1869, n. 121. 
Haricot d’ Espagne a grain completement noir, Vilm., 1883, 277. 
III. Phaseolus multiflorus bicolor. Anabida, 1827, ex Mar- 
tens, 83. : 
Haricot d' Espagne bicolor.  Vilm., 1883, 227. 
Painted Lady. N.Y. Agr. Exp. Sta. Rept., 1884, n. 9o. 
IV. Phaseolus indicus flore et semine albo. Titius, 1654, ex 
Martens. 
Phaseolus multiflorus albus. Martens, 1869, 82. 
Large White Climber. Mawe, 1778. 
White Dutch Runners. Gardiner and Hepburn, 1818, 68. 
White or Dutch Runner. N. Y. Agr. Exp. Sta. Rept, 1834, 
n. 9I. 
This synonymy establishes the dates at which each variety ap- 
peared, and the varieties have kept true since then. The seed of 
1^ Townsend. Seedsman, 1726, 83. 
105 Stevenson. Gard. Kal., 1765, p 
106 McMahon. Am. Gard. Kal 
107 Practical Am. Gard., Baltimore, 1819, 84. 
