1890.] History of Garden Vegetables, — 645 
high price as a rarity. In 1778'* it is said to “ be now culti- 
vated in many gardens as a choice esculent,” and in 1795'” 
was advertised in the London market. According to Heuze™ it 
was first cultivated in France by Quintyne, the gardener to Louis 
XIV., but I do not find it mentioned in my edition of Quintyne 
of 1693; it, however, is mentioned in the French works on gar- 
dening of 1824 and onward. The Sea Kale is named in 
American gardens in 1806," and by seedsmen in 1829 and on- 
wards, and in 1809 is recorded as cultivated near Boston, and in- 
troduced to the public in 1813." At the Mauritius it was 
cultivated in 1837.5 It is even now but rarely grown in the 
United States. There are no varieties. 
Sea Kale or beach-cole is called in France, crambe, chou marin ; 
in Germany, meer-kohl, see-kohl; in Flanders and Holland, 
zeekool, meerkool ; in Denmark, strandkaal ; in Spain, soldanela 
maritima, crambe, col marino ;* in Italy, crambe marina." 
SHALLOT. Allium ascalonicum L. 
The askalonion krommoon of Theophrastus, and the cepa 
ascalonia of Pliny, are usually supposed to be our Shallot, but 
this identity can scarcely be claimed as assurred. It is not estab- 
lished that it occurs in a wild state, and Decandolle is inclined to 
believe it a form of A. cepa or onion.'® It is mentioned and fig- 
ured in nearly all the early botanies, and many repeat the state- 
ment of Pliny that it came from Ascalon, a town in Syria, whence 
the name. Indeed, Michaud, in his History of the Crusades, 
says that our gardens owe to the holy wars Shallots, which take - 
their name from Ascalon.? Amatus Lusitanus, in 1554, gives 
149 Mawe. 
150 Times, Apr., o, Ss quoted from Gard. Chron., May rs, 1886, 626. 
151 Heuze. Les Pl. Alim., IL., 667. 
152 L'Hort. Franc., ve; Noisette, Man., 1859, etc. 
153 McMahon. Am. Gard. Kal., 1806. 
157 McIntosh. Book of the Gard., II., 116. 
58 Decandolle. Orig. Des Pl. Cult., 56. 
159 Michaud. Hist. of the Crusades, 1853, III., 329. 
160 Amatus Lusitanus, in Diosc., 1554, 287. 
