1890.] Geology and Paleontology. 665 
tively the Lias and the Trias. The cape formation is paralleled with 
the Vindhya of Hindustan, which probably represents the lower Car- 
boniferous and Devonian. The South African primary includes meta- 
morphic and archaic. 
The Imperial Geological Survey of Japan has publised a reconnais- 
sance map, scale 1—400,000; sectional maps, scale I-200,000 ; and 
agronomic maps of twice the latter scale. The reconnaissance sheets 
comprise North Japan between 138° E. and 38° N., and N. 
Japan from 38° to 40° N., while the sectional maps include the prov- 
inces of Shikoaka, Fuji, Kofu, Veda, Nagano, Izu, Yokohama, Tokio, 
Mayebashi, Nikko, Kakusa, Chiba and Mito. T. Harada, writing of 
the geotectonic ** membering’’ of Japan, states that the outer oceanic 
curve of the islands, though poor in volcanoes, is rich in seismic 
activity, while the inner side is rich in recent eruptive masses, active 
volcanoes and thermal springs. The Japanese Sea is a great ** Kessel- 
bruch ’’ (chaldron-fissure), and the archipelago is its eastern border. 
Palzozoic—The Geological Magazine for March, April, and May ot 
this year contains notes on the palzontology of Western Australia. 
A. H. Foord describes the gastropods, brachiopods, etc., including the 
new species of Spirifera, while G. J. Hinde gives the corals and polyzoa, 
with anew genus of the former. 
In a recent number of the Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc. T. Rupert Jones 
describes many new species of palzozoic Ostracoda from North Amer- 
ica, Wales, and Ireland. 
G. J. Hinde describes (Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc., Feb. 1, 1890) a new 
genus of siliceous sponges from the lower calcareous grit of York- 
shire, and names it Rhaxella, Small globules of silica take the place 
of elongated spicules in this sponge. 
Mesozoic.—In the Wealden near Hastings Mr. R. Lydekker iden- 
tifies five distinct species of Iguanodon, viz: Z. bernissartensis Dollo, 
I. mantelli, I. dawsoni Lyd., 7. fittoni Lyd., and 7. hollingtoniensis 
yd. Healso maintainsthe existence in the English Wealden of two 
species of Megalosaurus, one of which is M. dunkeri, while the other 
is yet undescribed. 
Comoliosaurus a) een j been proved to range 
upwards to the middle Pur 
G. Cotteau has a the study of the cretaceous echini of 
Mexico on six species collected by S. R. Castillo, the director of the 
