1890.] Geography and Travel. 841 
south, and is quite narrow, increasing in width at itssouthern extremity, 
where it reaches 18 to 20 miles. It comprises several little sultanates. 
The volcano, 2250 metres high, is at the southern broad end about 
equidistant from each of the shores. Its crater is oval, the wall | 
broken north and south by a lava stream, 
Asia.—M. Bonvalot is now at Lob-Nor. He intends to cross Tibet, 
and follow the Yang-tse from the sources. 
Beluchistan is now wholly British. The natives of the Zhob and 
Gamul valleys, and also the Wazuris, have made submission. The 
Zheb valley is an alluvial plain, at an average elevation of 4800 feet, 
and is well supplied with water, at least in the vicinity of the river. 
Much of territory lying between that of the Amir and what was previ- 
ously British has thus now fallen into the hands of the latter. The 
British headquarters are now at Apozai. 
H. S. Hallett considers that the earliest invaders who disturbed the 
repose of the aboriginal Negritos of Indo-China were the Bau of the 
Shan States, the Mon of Lower Burma, and the Cham of Cambodia, 
all of whom are Mongoloid with Malay affinities, and in West Bengal 
and Central India are represented by the Kolarian tribes. The La-Hu 
and Kiang-Tung La-Wa are said to be kindred to the white races, and 
were established upon the south bend of the Hong-He when the Chinese 
came from Chaldza. They gradually amalgamated with their con- 
querers, and imported to the latter their folk-lore. . The guardian spirits 
worshipped by the Shans are those of the ancient La-Wa kings and 
queens during the long wars that endured between the La-Wa and the 
Shans. 
M. Venukoff (Revue de Geog., April, 1889) asserts that the English 
have placed a garrison in a fort at Schahidulla, on the north side of 
the Karakorum range, and so near to the possessions of the Chinese in 
Kashgaria (Yarkand and Khotan) that they in alarm have also built a 
fort. Great Britain has also two other small forts northwest of the 
Indus, at the south foot of the Hindu Kush, and not far from the 
sources of the Oxus. : 
In Russian Turkestan an avalanche of rocks, a kilometre long, half 
a kilometre wide, and roo metres thick, has fallen into the valley of 
the Zarafshan, and has blocked up the river, forming a lake twelve 
kilometres in length, threatening the district with submersion. 
Salanga is a small archipelago on the western coast of Malaca, and, 
like Larut and Perak, is rich in tin mines. This has caused its peo- 
